初中の英语笔记
一些声明
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以下就是笔记~~~
few&little
Q & A
表肯定
only/quite a few+可复
only/quite a little+不可
表否定
very few+可复
very little+不可
most of the + 名词(可复/不可)(有范围)
most of + 名词(可复/不可)(无范围)
most of + 代词宾格
on+名词表示在~状态中
eg.on duty值日 no
no=not a~
no=not any~
享受做某事
have a good time doing
=have fun doing
=enjoy oneself doing
提问感受
How do you like it?
=What do you feel about it?
=What do you think of it?
复合不定代词
结构：some/any/no/every+one/body/thing
不定代词作主语，动词一定用单数
不定代词+adj.+to do
给某人买某物
buy sb. sth.
=buy sth.for sb.
独自做
do sth by oneself
=do sth alone
=do sth all by oneself
=do sth oneself
seem
seem (to be)+adj./n. 似乎很~
seem to do sth. 似乎要做某事
It seems/seemed that~ 似乎是~(表事实)
It seems/seemed as if~ 好像~(表猜测)
sometime
adv.表某个不确切不具体的时间，某时
eg.Come to see us sometime.
some time
一段时间
eg. It takes quite some time.
sometimes=at times
有时
eg.He sometimes writes to me.
some times=a few times
几次
eg.We have met some times before.
除了~无事可做
have nothing to do but do
=there is nothing (for sb.) to do but do
be bored with sb./sth.
对~一直感到厌倦
get bored with sb./sth.
对~开始感到厌倦
写日记
keep a diary
=keep diaries
到达
arrive in/at sp.
reach sp.
get to sp.
无地点时只能用arrive
eg.When did you arrive?
决定做某事
decide to do
=make a decision to do
=make up one’s mind to do
=be determined to do
<=>change one’s mind to do
try词组
try to do sth 努力做某事，目的是做到
try doing 尝试做某事，目的是看效果
have a try 试一试
try on 试穿
try out 实验
try/do one’s best to do
feel like
feel like+名/代 感觉像~
eg.I feel like a bird.
feel like+从句 感觉像~
feel like doing sth 想要~
eg.He didn’t feel like arguing.
在过去
in the past
=in the old days
感叹句
What a/an adj.+可单(+主语+动)!
eg.What a clever boy (you are)!
What adj. +可复/不可(+主语+动)!
eg.What nice music(it is)!
How adj./adv. (+主语+动)!主语中必有the或为代词
eg.How clever (the boy is)!
dream
dream of sb.
dream about~
over意思 超过 over=more than<=>under=less than
不接触正上方 over<=>under(不接触正下方)
enough+可复/不可
adj./adv.原级+enough
足够~了
eg.big enough 足够大了
rainy 有雨的，不知道时间
eg.rainy season 雨季
raining 正在下雨
remember to do
记得做某事，动作未发生
remember doing
记得做过某事，动作已经发生
forget to do
忘记要去做某事，动作未发生
forget doing
忘记做过某事，动作已发生 几小时后 ~hour later
=after~hour
用过去时
山顶/山脚
at the top of the mountain/hill
at the foot of the mountain/hill
频度副词
位置：实义动词前面，其他动词后面
always 总是 100%
usually 通常 80%
often 经常 60%
sometimes 有时 20%
hardly ever 几乎不 5%
never 从不 0%
为什么
how come
上课
have lesson
=take lesson
how often提问频率
how many times提问次数
none
没有人 none=no one=nobody
没有物 none=nothing
none可与of连用，nobody、nothing不能与of连用
none做主语，动词可单可复
rise 不及物
raise 及物
eg.The sun rises in the east.
eg.Raise your head.
做运动
take/do exercise
do/play/have sports
sports定语用复数eg.sports shose
忙的full=busy<=>free
be full for sb.对某人来说太忙了
吃饱了的full<=>hungry
满的full<=>empty
be filled with=be full of 充满了~
日常的
Q & A
every day
=daily
have/eat (+a+adj.) +三餐
eg.Have a great lunch.
可能 maybe可能
may be可能是
may+动词原形
句首的maybe=句中的may be
“for表因为时在句中，一般前面有””,””
eg.The match is cancelled，for the heavy rain.
“ interview sb. about sth. 采访
interview sb. for a job 面试 做调查 do a survey about~ 众所周知
(as) we all know,~
=we all know (that)～
上网 search the Internet
=go online
=use the Internet
be surprise at sth.
be surprise to do
be surprise that~
n.death
adj.dead
adj.dying
afraid
afraid of 害怕~
be afraid of doing 一惯害怕
be afraid to do 一次特定情况下害怕
afraid sth 害怕某事
beside=next to
besides除此之外还有(包括)
eg.We had the dinner，besides Tom.
我们都吃了晚饭，包括Tom.
except这之外有(不包括)
eg.We had the dinner，except Tom.
我们都吃了晚饭，除了Tom.
join + 组织
join sb. in doing
加入某人做某事的行列
join+活动 = take part in+活动
be动词和实义动词不能同时存在，除了进行时和被动语态 much too +adj./adv.原级
真太~了
eg.much too delicious
too much+不可
too many+可复
do sth excitedly
=do sth in excitement
through 从三维空间穿过
across 二维平面横过
past 从横而过
other+可复=others
无范围其他的
some~，some~，others~
the other+可复=the others
有范围其他的
another 指≥3者中另一个
another+数字+可复=数字+more+可复
特例another+可单=one more+可单
eg.another five apples=five more apples
在某人50岁时
when sb. was fifty
=at the age of fifty
=in one’s fifties
分数
分子用基数词，分母用序数词
分子单，分母单；分子复，分母复
eg.
1/3 one thrid
3/4 three fourths
希望
1.hope
hope to do
hope sb. do
hope (that) 从句 陈述语气，主语认为能实现
I hope so. I hope not.
2.wish
wish to do
wish sb. to do sth.
wish sb. + 名词
eg.I wish you a merry Christmas.
wish (that) 从句 用虚拟语气，难以实现
both
1.both of + 代词宾格
2.both of the + 可复 + 动词复数
eg.Both of the students go to school on foot.
3.both A and B
4.在马路两边
on both sides of the road
=each side of the road
=either side of the road
5.在广场四边
on all sides of the square
=on every side of the square
=on any side of the square
擅长于
be good at
=do well in
fast 本身能力快
quickly 行动上不耽搁
soon 时间上快
1.famous=well-known
2.be famous for 因~而闻名
3.be famous as 作为~而闻名
健康
be in good health
=be healthy
对~感兴趣
be (very) interested in
=have/show/take (great) interest in 额外的spare/extra
in one’s free/spare time
课余活动spare/free time activities
一点也不
not at all
=not in the least
确保
make sure of/to do/that 去确保~
be sure of/to do/that 状态
need
实义动词
1.need sb./sth
需要人/物
2.need to do sth.
需要做某事
3.need doing sth.
=need to be done
需要被~
4.needs <=> doesn’t need
need<=> don’t need
needed<=>didn’t need
情态动词
needn’t do sth.
=don’t need to do sth.
=don’t have to do
true 符合事实的，修饰说法、故事
real 真实存在的，修饰人
adj.true可做定语和表语
adv.truly真实的
the truth
a lie
实际上
In fact
=As a matter of fact
serious
修饰人：严肃
修饰事：严重
比较级&最高级用more&most
休息
break 短暂
rest 时间不限
比较双方都有定语修饰时，单数用that代替，复数用those代替
eg.The popularity of China is larger than that in America.
each of
either of (两者其一)
动词用单数
对某人态度用to
eg.be friendly to sb.
摔倒
fall off ~
=fall down from ~
eg.fall off the bike
=fall down from the bike
名词作定语时，必须用单数
特例
man, woman用于名词前作定语时,其单复数形式与所修饰的名词的单复数形式一致
动词习惯复数或有特殊意义如sports shose
be close to 与~近
<=>be far from 与~远
close friend 密友
the ticket to ~
~的票
代表~
stand for~
到目前为止
so far
=by now
=up to now
=up till now
=up to the present day
必用现在完成时
on weekends
=every weekends
=on Saturday and Sundays
<=>on weekdays
near here
=around here
=in the neighborhood
wait
wait to do sth.
wait in/at + 地点
in the waiting line 在排队队伍中
表非常 程度由大到小排
pretty 相当，十分，很
rather 相当
quite 十分
be talented in sth
be talented in doing sth
make up
编造，重归于好，化妆
声音
sound 一切声音
voice 人的嗓音
noise 噪音
play basketball 以比赛为目的
play with a basketball 以玩耍为主
on the earth = on Earth 在地球上
in the earth 在泥土中
on earth 究竟
全世界
all over the world
=in the world
=around the world
=throughout the world
n.similarity相似之处
pl.similarities
A be similar to B
A与B相似
A be familiar with B
A熟悉B
注意familiar拼写 will阅读理解翻译
将/会/愿/要
play a part in ~
1.参与，参加
play a part in
= take part in
2.在~起作用，在~中扮演角色
play a part in
= play a role in
现在分词表主动/表进行
过去分词表被动/表完成
n.success
v.succeed
adj.successful
adv.successfully
succeed in doing sth
=do sth successfully
lose词组
lose face 丢脸
lose heart 灰心
lose one’s way to~ 迷路
be ready to do sth.准备好要作某事，强调状态
get ready to do sth.准备好要作某事，强调动作
be ready for sth.准备好某物，强调状态
get ready for sth.准备好某物，强调动作
介词后+代词宾格
介词后+doing
副词前省略介词
home，here，there，abroad，downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere
eg.go home take photos of~ the first time to do sth. 使~被做
get sth.+过去分词
=have sth. +过去分词
=get sb. to do sth.
=have sb. do sth. Bye for now！
就到这吧！
用在作文结尾
wonder
=want to know
because of+名/代/doing the following day
第二天
set the clock
定表
everyday=daily
日常的
do a survey about 做~的调查 动词+for+时间
eg.sleep for nine hours
“
often do sth.
=do sth. a lot
翻译成””经常做某事””而不是””做某事很多””
“ almost>nearly
almost<=>hardly
nearly<=>hardly
almost all the people
almost everyone
be like像
此时like为介词
do sth. for fun/pleasure
<=>do sth. on business
the (best) way to do sth.
=the (best) way of doing sth.
~look good on you 你穿着~很好看 there are differences between A and B
=A be different from B
=A differs from B
point to 远处，中性
point at 近处，有不礼貌的意思
a different + 可单
different + 可复
aloud 出声的，表语
loudly 大声的，定语
how soon 提问多久以后
回答：in + 一段时间
用一般将来时
waste<=>save 两者都both
两者任一个each/either
两者都不neither
≥三者都all
≥三者中任一个every/any
≥三者都不none
忘记
forget sb.
forget sth.
forget doing
forget to do
leave sb./sth. + 地点状语
it’s adj. for sb.to do
adj.只修饰to do不定式(事物特征)
常见的有important，difficult，necessary，dangerous
it’s adj. of sb.to do
adj.修饰to do不定式和人(人物性格、品质)
常见的有friendly，kind，brave，nice，clever，wise
look at oeself in the mirror laugh v.笑
laughter n.笑声
make sb. do sth.
make sb. adj.
被动:be made to do
a few times a week
一周几次
动词 + each other
eg.help each other
He always wins the game.
=He always beats me.
=I always lose the game.
=I always lose to him.
bring out in sb.
使显现
do sth. more
=do more sth.
share sth. with sb. be there to do sth.
随时在准备~
是否
1.if
2.whether
条件状语从句
引导词
if，unless，as long as
主将从现
hair
[u]通常用不可数，表示头发
[c]可数时表示有颜色
eg.a green hair一根绿色的头发
见到look,listen,now,at the moment,right now,at
present,today等词时，必用现在进行时 afford sth.
afford to do
eg.afford to buy~
eg.afford to pay for~
the police
集合名词，警方
集合名词
若视为整体，表示单数意义
若考虑其个体成员，动作跟人有关或动作由人完成，表示复数意义
call sb. at 电话号 for sth. prefer A to B
比起B来更喜欢A
in class 在课上
in the classroom 在教室中
as
well常用作状语，作“又；也”解，相当于too或also，常位于句末，无须用逗号与句子分开。
eg.I am going to London and my sister is going as well（＝going，too）.
eg.I not only play the guitar，I sing as well（＝I also sing ）.
as well
as常用来连接两个并列的成分，作“也，还”解。它强调的是前一项，后一项只是顺便提及。因此连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前一项一致；而用not
only …but also…连接时，谓语动词与后一项一致。
eg. Your wife as well as you is friendly to me.
＝Not only you but also your wife is friendly to me. 价格论高低
东西论贵贱
eg.The watch is expensive=dear<=>cheap.
eg.The price of the watch is high<=>low.
expensive<=>inexpensive=cheap
DJ
D disc 唱片
J jockey 骑士
n.接待，服务 service
v.serve
May I serve you？
=What can I do for you?
v.创造 create
adj.creative
打破世界纪录
create a new world record
=set up a new world record
get the prize 得到奖励
get a high/good prize
n.crowd 人群
adj.crowded
~be crowded with~
a big crowd of people一大群人
名词性从句中
what 无范围
which 有范围
插入语
1.插入语后用陈述语序
2.插入语加在疑问词后，不会影响句子成分
upside down 上下颠倒
inside out 里外穿反
stand on one’s head 倒立
for example
=for instance
all+可复/不可 dress up as
打扮成~
have/hold a fancy party
化妆舞会
take the place of sb.
=take sb’s place
代替某人
“部分/完全否定
“ life
生活[U] improve one’s life
生命[C] save/lose one’s lives
be fun to do sth. serious
1.look seriously
2.be serious about (doing) sth.
to 作介词
be/get/become used to
lead to
be married to
look forward to
pay attention to
thanks to
according to
stick to
be half way to
be close to 实现
realize~
=achieve~
=~come true
eg.realize my dream
=my dream come true
the + 最高级
最~的
a + 最高级
非常~的
A be crowded with B
A be full of B
=A be filled with B
fast
adj.fast=quick<=>slow
adv.fast=quickly<=>slowly
finish sth./doing sth.
翻译为 ~完
eg. finish eating 吃完
on Sundays
=every Sunday
in order to do 几乎
almost>nearly
plan to do
=make a plan to do find out +原因/线索/真相
find + 人/物 have discussion about
=discuss about happen to do sth 碰巧做某事
= do sth by chance
= do sth by accident
= do sth accidentally(偶然地) play a joke on sb
eg.don’t play a joke on me
tell a joke tragedy
comedy tragedy 悲剧
comedy 喜剧 take actions to do sth 采取行动做某事 情态动词表猜测
情态动词婉转请求回答
演出、电影、戏剧等有计划的用一般现在时表下一步
copy one’s example 模仿某人做某事 one day = someday =some day
表将来或讲故事 a few days ago 几天前 阻止某人做某事：
1、stop sb from doing
2、stop sb doing
3、prevent sb from doing
4、prevent sb doing
5、keep sb from doing keep
1、keep pigs 饲养
2、keep happy 保持+adj
3、keep doing 一直做某事
4、keep sb doing 让某人一直做某事
5、keep sb from doing 阻止某人做某事 hurt
1、…hurts/hurt 疼痛 eg.My head is hurt.我头疼
2、 hurt … 弄伤 praise 表扬 blame 责备
speak highly of 高度表扬
look down on/upon 瞧不起
praise sb for sth 因某事表扬某人 I think = In my opinion win the prize for …
赢得了…奖励
两者之间用between
三者及以上之间用among
n. behavior
v. behave like,love,want,hope,wish,expect,
decide,try,plan,forget,remember,
start,ask,help,need,learn,seen
+ to do不定式作宾语 疑问词+to do
=疑问词 + 主语（同主句）+ can/will/should + do
I don’t know what to do
= I don’t know what I can/will/should do
para (简写） paragraph 段落
photo（简写） photograph 照片 想出好主意：
think up good ideas
=come up with good ideas without sth
without doing sth come out
1、开花
2、云雾消散、太阳出来
3、出版，发行
4、上映
a/an + 序数词 第几次
eg. try a second time = try another time
the + 序数词 第几个/名
the + 序数词+ to do 第…个做…的人
1、in the + 年s …世纪…年代
eg. in the 1930s 在20 世纪30年代
2、in the + 序数词 + century 在…世纪
eg.in the 21st century 在二十一世纪
solve the problem
work out the problem
解决问题
small <=>large 体积
little <=> big(great) 有感情色彩 do sth in pairs 两人一组做某事
do sth in groups of three 三人一组做某事 “定语
“”-“” + 名词单数 four-day
表语
four days
“ 问职业：
1、what does …do?
2、what’s …’s job?
3、what’s …? such as doing 进步 progress
取得进步 make progress 对…满意
1、be happy with…
2、be pleased with…
3、be satisfied with… 打电话：
1、call sb
2、phone sb
3、ring sb up
4、give sb a ring
5、make a telephone call to sb mean to do 打算做
= plan to do
= be going to do
= intend to do
想念/错过
miss sb/sth
miss doing
句首动词：
1、Be quiet. 句中无动词，用原形做祈使句
2、Being quiet is polite in the library. 句中有动词，用-ing做主语
3、To be quiet ,he covered his mouth.句子有两部分，表目的用 to do 不定式
如此：
1、so adj+a/an +可单
eg.so long a face
2、such a/an +adj +可单
eg.such a long face
3、such +普通+可复/不可
4、so many/much/few/little + 可复/不可
以上公式均可加 that 从句（结果状语从句） fewer + 可复
less + 不可 seem
1、seem adj
2、seem to be adj
3、seem to do
4、It seems/seemed that 从句 表时间时
yesterday,today,tomrrow,last ,this,next,every前不加介词
“1、主语做动词
there be + 主语 + doing
=主语 + be +doing
2、””to do””做定语
there be + 主语 + to do
eg. There is a lot of homework (for me) to do.
“ 褒 严格：be strict with sb in sth
贬 苛刻：be hard on sb no=not a/an + 可单
no=not any + 可复/不可 It’s + 时间
用现在进行
双重所有格
a friend/relative of + 名物/sb’s
1、stop doing 停止正在做的事
2、stop to do 停下开始做某事
3、stop doing A to do B
make mistake in sth.
mistake A for B
错把A当成B
eg. Mistake Mai for Miku.
错把麻衣当成三玖。 “
猜测
注意事项
1.过去式表示可能更小
2.句首的maybe=句中的may be
“ complain to sb about sth
向某人抱怨关于某事 must never 坚决不要
mustn’t 禁止
can’t 不能
shouldn’t 不应该
needn’t = don’t have to = don’t need to = 不必 mind doing
practice doing
enjoy doing
after doing entrance to
~的入口
lose oneself in (doing) sth 祈使句，and/or + 将来时态
可与条件状语从句转换
eg. Be careful ,and you will make fewer mistakes.
=If you are careful,you’ll make fewer mistakes.
=Be careful ,or you will not make fewer mistakes.
=Unless you are careful, you won’t make fewer mistakes.
发现做某事是…的
find it adj to do sth
= find /found it + is/was adj to do sth
主过从过 忘记
1、forget sb/sth
2、leave sb/sth + 地点状语 number
1、a number of + 可复+ 动词复数
许多…
许许多多 a large/great number of
2、the number of + 可复 +动词单数
…的数量
“
表示””几个半””时
后有单位前没有，前有单位后没有
半个苹果 half an apple
1.5小时
one and a half hours
=one hour and a half
3.5个梨
three and a half pears
=three pears and a half
“ genius
=talent
天才
也
1.as well 句尾或句中
2.too 句尾
3.also 句首
as well as 表示以及，表伴随不影响主语单复数 in + 一段时间 表…之后，
必用将来时态，
划线提问用 how soon
eg.in 100 years 100年后 职业后缀
1、er
2、or
3、ist
be sure about
be sure of
be sure that
be sure to do university 综合
college 专科
go to university/college
go to the college 去那所大学
get/have good education
有/得到好的教育
take/have medicine 服药
n. medicine
adj. medical
make resolution
keep resolution
组队
make a team
成为队伍的一员
make the team
=be a member of the team
=be in/on the team
foreign countries
foreign languages
<=>native language
can
本身能力
be able to
经过努力后做到
promise sb.
=make a promise to sb.
=make promises to sb. v.start/begin
begin/start to do/doing
n.start/beginning
at the start/beginning of …
<=>at the end of
1、at the end of
at the end of+时间/地点
在~的末尾，在~的尽头
时态根据加的时间
2、in the end
in the end = at last = lastly =finally = eventually
最终的
3、by the end of
by the end of ～/ by the time ～ +将来完成时/过去完成时
在~之前
improve our lives 改善我们的生活 n. physics
adj.physical
take up doing
开始从事做某事
take up
占据空间/时间
habit 习惯
hobby 爱好 make plan for sth.
=plan for sth. What do you mean by doing…? 你…干什么?
What’s the meaning of …? 这是什么意思?
graduate 毕业
从~毕业
graduate from …
= finish…
novels 小说
author 作者
瞬间动作->延续性动作
buy->have
borrow/lend->keep
die->be dead
join->be in / be a number of
必用 现在完成时+延续性动作 的时间状语
1、for + 一段时间
2、since …
3、how long
on 表继续
动词+ on
=go on doing sth
田径类，竞速：race
100-meter race
100米赛跑
与某人讨论某事
discuss sth with sb
= have a discussion about sth with sb most of + 可复/不可 make sb n.
让某人成为…的身份
make sb do sth
make sb adj top
1、at the top of 在…顶端
2、on top of 在…顶部
3、top ten 前十
4、a top student 顶尖学生 regret doing 后悔做过某事
regret not doing 后悔没做某事
regret to do 恐怕要做…
paper 不可数，做试卷时可数
a piece of paper 一张纸
预言
predic
=make a prediction
predic the future 预言未来
污染
n.pollution
v.pollute
adj.polluted protect the environment
保护环境
in the future 在将来
in future 从今往后 种植
plant trees
grow flowers
grow fruit
grow vegetables Great minds think alike.
英雄所见略同
1、play a part in doing sth
2、play a part in sth
3、part-time job 鸽子
dove
pigeons
人类
1、human
2、human being
3、man
belive that…
belive so 相信如此
belive not 相信不会…
belive in sb 信任某人=trust sb
agree with sb
agree to do sth
agree that…
disagree 与agree用法相同 hurdreds of
1、无数字时+ s 和 of ，译为成…上…的，数…的（成百上千，成百的）
2、有数字时不加s和of，如 two hundred the shape of
the size of falling leaves 落叶
fallen leaves 落下的叶子 It’s possible for sb to do sth have to
1、得
2、必须
3、不得不
in space = in the universe
在太空
use
1、use sth to do sth
2、be used to do sth = be used for doing sth 被用来做…
3、get/be used to doing sth 习惯做某事
4、used to do sth 过去常做某事（现在不做了） live to be … years old
活到…岁
do sth more/less invent 发明,从无到有
discover 发现,从未知到已知 ocean >sea
sea 是ocean与陆地接壤的部分 job 工作，能得到工资
work 工作，任何工作，无工资 小品词（动词+小品词）
1、介词 look at
2、副词
代词必须放中间，名词前后都可以
动词+副词+名词 put on your shose
动词+名词+副词 put your shose on
动词+代词+副词 put them on
be pleased with = be satisfied with 满意 家务
1、housework [u]
2、chore[c] 杂务 pl.chores get bored with sth/sb 在正确的时间做正确的事 Do
proper things at proper time.
中日不变，英法a变e，其他人加s
Japanese
German德国人
pl.Germans
Englishman英国人
pl.Englishmen
example
1、for example
2、set an example 做出榜样
3、follow one’s example set词组
1、TV set = television
2、a set of keys 一套钥匙
3、set the alarm clock 设置闹钟
shake one’s head 摇头
shake hands with sb 与某人握手 pour A into B 把A(液体)倒进B a spoon of…
一勺…
two spoons of… 两勺…
teaspoon 茶勺
hot pot 火锅
add A to B
把A加进B
final match 决赛
semi-final match 半决赛
finally = lastly = at last sweets 糖块
sugar 糖
candy 糖果
run machine 运行机器
adj. mechanical
整个
the whole+n.
=all+n.
=all+the+n.
mix A with B
把A与B混合
mix… together
把…混在一起
fill
1、fill in the blanks
2、fill A with B
用B装满A
3、A be filled with B
=A be full of B
cover A with B
用B覆盖A
A be coverd with/by B
A被B覆盖
temperature
1、have a temperature 发烧
2、take/have one’s temperature 量体温
在早上/上午
in the morning
在中午
at noon = in the middle of the day
在下午
in the afternoon
在傍晚
in the evening
在晚上
at night
在夜里
in the night
在午夜
at midnight
=in the middle of the night
赶上某人
catch up with sb.
= catch sb. up
<=>fall behind
fall in love with sb at the first sight 一见钟情
be in love with sb 延续性动词
after + 一段时间
=一段时间+later
必用过去时
follow one’s instructions 跟随某人指令 in,on 静态介词，无动作
into,onto 动态介词，有动作 normal <=> abnormal
common <=> uncommon give up sb/sth
give up doing sth 我不知道
I don’t know
= I have no idea
eg.I don’t know your name.
=I have no idea of your name.
until 与 not…until (+时间状语从句）
当主句的动词是延续性动作用until
当主句的动词是瞬间动作用not…until 悬挂
hang hung hung
hang sth on the wall
=put up sth on the wall
绞死
hang hanged hanged
与某人闲逛
hang out with sb
invite sb to sp.
invite sb. to do.
accept an invitation
<=>refuse an invitation
=turn down an invitation
make an invitation
receive收到(客观)
accept收下(主观)
refuse to do sth. look after sb well
=take good care of sb
answer … 答复
= reply to …回应
answer the question
=reply to the question
look forward to sth/doing sth be sad to do sth
<=>be glad to do sth
=be happy to do sth
help (sb) out with sth be surprised at sth
be serprised to do
瞬间
hear from sb
= get a letter from sb
= receive a letter from sb
延续性
have a letter from sb
提供
1、offer sb sth
= offer sth to sb
offer to do 主动提出做某事
2、provide sb with sth
= provide sth for sb
3、serve sb with sth
=serve sth to sb
at + 温度/速度/价格
温度/速度/价格 都论高低
the idea of doing sick 表语/定语 ,可以表不舒服
ill 表语 cut sth into pieces 把…切成碎片
divide sth into 把…分开
cut sth in half
have a class meeting
have a school meeting
have a family meeting organize a game 组织一场比赛
organization
upset
表难过
be/feel upset=sad
表失望
upset=disappointed
take/call a taxi give sb some advice[uc]
take one’s advice 接受某人的建议 keep it a secret
= keep sth to oneself wallet 钱包
purse 女钱包
be angry with sb 状态
get angry with sb 动作
trust sb = believe in sb 生病
have the flu
catch the cold
have a fever
have a headache
have a toothache
have a pain in
No pains ,no gains.不劳无获
态度决定一切 Attitude is everying. leaving 位置转移，现在进行时表将来 catch a
cold 得感冒
catch a bus 上公交
catch one’s eye 吸引目光
卧床(生病）
be in bed
= be ill/sick in bed
住院(生病）
be in hospital
= be ill/sick in hospital
建议
1、let’s do sth ,shall we?
2、Shall we do sth?
3、Why not do sth? / Why don’t you/we …?
4、Would/Could/Will you please do sth?
5、How/What about doing sth?
6、Would/Do you mind doing sth?
7、Would you like to do sth? 询问时间
1、What’s the time (by your watch)?
2、What time is it? be sad to do sth see sb. do sth
看见某人做某事，事情已经结束，强调完整的过程或经常性的动作
see sb. doing sth 看见某人做某事，动作还在进行 take a trip to sp
=travel to sp have a surprise party for sb
sth surprise sb
=sth make sb feel surprised
help sb to do sth
=help sb do sth
=help sb with sth bring sb/sth to sp so that/in order that +
目的状语从句（情态动词+do） be busy doing sth
be busy with sth 回复
answer
reply to
response
laugh at sb 嘲笑
make fun of sb 取笑 Senior high school 高中
Junior high school 初中 建议
advice [u] n.
suggestion [c] n.
suggest v. 建议 when
可以加任何时态
不能同加进行时态
while
加进行时态/延续性动作
可前后同时加进行时态
I achieve dreams
= my dreams come true deal with = do with 处理（不知道结果）
How did you deal with…?
= What did you do with…?
a/an
In a university，a European walks along a one-way road with a useful book about
a UFO, which is a usual
thing.在一所大学里，一个欧洲人拿着一本有用的书，沿着一条单行道走，这是一件很平常的事。
An hour ago，an honest man accepted an honorable task and had an unusual
feeling.一个小时以前，一个诚实的人接受了一项光荣的任务并有了一个不同的感受。
do sth halfway 半路做某事
be halfway to doing sth
get on well with
=get along well with
Tom says = says Tom = He says
… says = says … = 代词 + says had better do sth 自信
have confidence in oneself
= be confident long long ago
=once upon a time
steal stole stolen
steal sth from sb
=rob sb of sth 因为
1、because - why
2、as - 显而易见的原因，天起、天色较多，能感觉到的
3、for - 句中，前有“，”
4、since - 既然，促成结果的条件
eg.Since you are here,have the dinner together.
除了
1、except 除了同类的人或物
2、except for 除了不同类的人或物
eg.Except for the ticking of the clock, his house was silent.
3、besides 包括，除…外还有
4、but 只用于否定的不定代词之后
corner 角落
1、at the corner of the road 在马路拐角（小地方）
2、in the corner of the classroom 在教室的角落（在里面）
3、on the corner of the map 在地图角上（表面） take notes of … 细节决定成败
Details is the key to success. 一斧子砍不倒大树。 A big tree falls not at the
first stroke.
一分耕耘一分收获
Nothing to be got without pains but poverty. be responsible for 对…负责
A以B为骄傲
1、A be proud of B
2、A take pride in B
3、B be the pride of A get bored with …
= get tired of …
= be fed up with …
be out of breath 上气不接下气 others = other + 可复 on + 具体某一天
on + 具体某天的时间
eg. on Wednesday night
on + 有天气的时间
eg. on a rainy night at night 在晚上
in the night 在漫漫长夜
have an opportunity to do sth
=have a chance to do manage to do sth
=try to do and succeed in doing
be stressed out 压力过大 suck sb in to sth 把某人卷入某事 in return 作为回报
in return of 作为…的回报
在旁边
by the window
by the door
by the river 展出
on show
on display had better do sth
= ‘d better do sth
= It’s best for sb to do sth
<=> had better not do sth
be worth doing
be busy doing
be comfortable doing self-evident 不言而喻的，不证自明
evidence 证明
evidence 证据
equal 平等的
have problem with sth
have problem (in) doing sth need sb help with sth Thanks for + 感谢原因
= Thank you for + 感谢原因
因…而感谢
有当面致谢之意
eg.Thanks for telling me the news.
Thanks to + 好原因
幸亏，多亏
eg.Thanks to the doctor,I’m well again
because of 好/坏原因
beat + 人/队名
beat <=> lose to
win + 比赛名称/奖品/战争
win <=> lose
“the 姓s = the 姓 family
eg. the Smiths = the Smith family
后面谓语动词一定要用复数
“ spend + 时间 on sth
spend + 时间 doing sth
spend + 时间 in doing sth depend on 依靠，取决于 在中国南部
1、in the south of China
2、in South China
3、in the southern part of China 派人去找医生 send sb for a doctor stand doing
忍受做某事 let/make sb do
be made to do
both 在句中 = Both of 在句首
eg. Both of them = they both 没能通过测试
1、fail an exam
2、fail in an exam
3、fail to pass an exam 疑问词ever = no matter+疑问词
whenever = no matter when不论何时
whereever = no matter where不论何地
引导让步状语从句，从句语序是陈述语序
eg. 不论发生什么，我都不会该变我的主意。
No matter what(= Whatever) happens , I won’t change my mind.
这里很像将来的条件状语从句的让步，所以用了主将从现(让步状常有)
eg. 不论你什么时候会到，我们都会等你。
No matter when(=Whenever) you arrive , we will wait for you.
句型像条件状语从句，也用了主将从现(让步状常有)
状态
be sure of/about sth
be sure to do sth
be sure that 从句 lose one’s temper 发脾气 leave for sp 离开去某地
leave sb 离开某人
leave A for B 离开A去往B
leave sp 离开某地
leave sb/sth + 地点状语 把…落在某地 “
上下
“ 6℃ six above zero
-6℃ six below zero
海拔 above sea level 问价钱
How much is/are…?
= What’s the price of…? 以…开头
begin/start … with … <=>end … with … praise sb for sth.
blame sb for sth. with
1、和…在一起
2、使用，与 in 区别
with+ 具体工具
in+抽象方式/方法/材料
3、关于，对于
4、行为方式
matter
v. 要紧，有重大关系
n.问题，事情
stomach
复stomachs
lie
1、躺，位于
lie-lay-lain-lying
2、撒谎
lie to sb = tell sb a lie
white lie
lie-lied-lied-lying
3、lay 下蛋/放置
lay-laid-laid-laying
hurt v.
1、弄伤 hurt my leg
2、疼痛 my leg hurts v. + very/too + much 表程度 all + 名
= all + the +名
= the + whole + 名
do sth in + 方式 stay/keep away from 远离
assistant 助手 hit sb on the 较硬部位
hit sb in the 较软部位 有志者，事竟成。 Where there is a will, there is a way.
好的开端是成功的一半。 Well begun is half done. 金窝、银窝，不如自己的草窝。
East or west, home is best. 三思而后行。 First think, then act.
亡羊补牢，犹为未晚。 It is never too late to mend. 时间就是金钱。 Time is money.
患难见真交。 A friend in need is a friend indeed. 远大的希望，造就伟大的人物。
Great hopes make great man. 条条大路通罗马。 All roads lead to Rome.
只要人有恒，万事都能成。 Stick to it, and you’ll succeed.
早睡早起，富裕、聪明、身体好。 Early to bed and early to rise makes a man
healthy, wealthy, and wise. 良药苦口。 A good medicine tastes bitter. 前车之鉴。
It is good to learn at another man’s cost. 船到桥头自然直。 Let’s cross the
bridge when we come to it. 不劳则无获。 No pains, no gains.
世上无难事，只要肯登攀。 Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.
生命不息，希望常在。 Where there is life, there is hope.
少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 An idle youth, a needy age. 花有重开日，人无再少年。 A
plant may produce new flowers; man is young but once. 自助者，天助之。 God helps
those who help themselves. 只工作，不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。 All work and no play
makes Jack a dull boy. 勤奋是成功之母。 Diligence is the mother of success.
时间见真理。 Truth is the daughter of time. 智者千虑，必有一失。 No man is wise
at all times. 今天能做的事绝不要拖到明天。 Never put off till tomorrow what you
can do today. 一石双鸟。 Kill two birds with one stone. 说起来容易做起来难。
Easier said than done. 天才一分来自灵感，九十九分来自勤奋。 Genius is one
percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。 He who
laughs last laughs best. 身体健壮就有希望，有了希望就有了一切。 He who has
health has hope, and he who has hope has everything. 人非生而知之。 No man is
born wise or learned. 事实胜于雄辩。 Action speak louder than words.
勇敢和坚决是美德的灵魂。 Courage and resolution are the spirit and soul of
virtue. 无风不起浪。 There is no smoke without fire. 人多好办事。 Many hands
make light work. 读书长见识。 Reading makes a full man.
胸中有知识，胜于手中有金钱。 Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the
hand. 百闻不如一见。 Seeing is believing. 要做金钱的主人，莫作金钱的奴隶。 Money
is a good servant but a bad master. 无风难驶船. It’s hard sailing when there is
no wind. 通向光荣的道路常常是崎岖的。 The path to glory is always rugged.
没有目标的生活如同没有罗盘的航行。 Living without an aim is like sailing without
a compass. 质重于量。 Quality matters more than quantity. 旁观者清。 The
on-looker sees most of the game. 与众同乐，其乐更乐。 Joys shared with others
are more enjoyed. 欢乐不觉日子长。 Happiness takes no account of time.
岁月不等人。 Time and tide waits for no man. 若要求知，必须刻苦。 If you want
knowledge, you must toil for it. 循序渐进。 Learn to walk before you run.
言行之间，大有距离。 From words to deeds is a great space.
技能和信心是无敌的军队。 Skill and confidence are an unconquered army.
习惯成自然。 Habit is a second nature. 三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮。 Two heads are
better than one. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。 Nothing is impossible to a willing
mind. 巧妇难为无米之炊。 You can’t make something out of nothing.
不费力气，一无所得。 Nothing for nothing. 不犯错误者一事无成。 He who makes no
mistakes makes nothing. 无所求则无所获。 Nothing seek, nothing find.
每事浅尝辄止，事事都告无成。 A little of everything is nothing in the main.
大船要走深水。 A great ship asks deep waters. used
1、过去常做（现在不做）
used to do sth
often did 过去常做，与现在无关
2、被用来做某事
be used to do
=be used for doing
3、习惯做某事
get/be used to (sb/sth) doing
物 run out
=sb. run out of 物
=物 be used up
=sb. use up 物
We ran out of money.
=Our money ran out .
=We used up our money .
=Our money was used up . find sb + 名词 = find that… monitor 班长 thanks to
多亏，幸亏
thanks for +原因，因…而感谢，有当面致谢之意 have trouble (in) doing sth
have problem (in) doing sth
have difficulty (in) doing sth on time 按时
in time 及时
by the time + 将来完成/过去完成
动身出发
set off = set out = start
wait sb to do sth agree to do sth 去fe/f 变ves(n. 单->复）
1、thief 2、wife 3、life 4、shelf 5、leaf
6、wolf 7、shelf 8、knife 9、half 10、~self 感官动词和使役动词的被动语态都要加
to
如make/see/hear/watch/let take词组
1、take a message
2、take a shower
3、take a walk
4、take the subway
5、take a trip
6、take one’s order
7、take sb’s place
8、take breaks
9、take risk
10、take one’s temperature have a pain in one’s 部位 all night long
= all night
= all the night
= the whole night
trouble
n.
困难 trouble [uc]
麻烦的事情 trouble [c]
v.
打扰I’m sorry to trouble you
打电话
1、telephone sb
2、phone sb
3、call sb (up)
4、give sb a ring
5、ring sb up
6、make a telephone call to sb
lonely & alone
lonely :主观感到寂寞，能做表语/定语
alone :客观独自一人，能做表语/状语 独自做
do sth alone
do sth oneself
do sth by oneself
do sth all by oneself
light
lit/lighted
lit/lighted
lit 做表语
lighted 做定语 have
1、拥有
2、吃、喝
3、患
4、have/take a… 固定短语 She isn’t quite herself today 她今天不太舒服
help oneself to sth 自助
say to oneself 自言自语
lose oneself in 迷失自己在… mean
1、意味着
mean n.
mean doing sth
2、意思
What does … mean?
What’s the meaning of…?
What do you mean by …?
3、打算做某事
mean to do sth
= be going to do sth
= intend to do sth
= plan to do sth
hurt yourself when playing soccer
=hurt yourself playing soccer
=hurt yourself when you were playing soccer take risks doing sth
find+oneself+n./adj./介词短语
find it adj. to do
=find it is adj. to do
=found it was adj. to do
admire sb for sth 因…而敬佩某人 tell sb sth = tell sth to sb
tell sb the truth
tell sb a lie
tell of 讲述，叙述
掌管
人 be in control of 物,人掌管物
物 be in the control of人,物被人掌管 keep on doing
继续做某事，表示动作重复多次，中间有间隔，强调重复性
keep doing 继续不停地做某事，表动作持续不间断，无停顿，强调连续性
the same …as
与…相同
cut词组
1、cut down 砍倒，减少
2、cut up 切碎
3、cut… into… 把…切成
4、cut in 插入，插话
5、cut out 删掉
6、cut off 切掉，切断 a drop of blood 一滴血 blood is thicker than water
血浓于水 在1979.5.13
Q & A
the thirteenth of May, 1979
May the thirteenth, 1979
should do
=be supposed to do
set sb free
= make sth free
= free sth
上气不接下气 bu out of breath 主、宾语一致时用反身代词 several = some = a few
对…满意
be pleased with
=be satisfied with What’s the matter?
1、sb + have/get/catch a(an) 疾病名称
2、sb + be/feel + 某些形容词
3、身体部位 + be/feel + 形容词
4、身体部位 + hurt
5、sb + get + 过去分词
6、sb + hurt/cut + 具体部位/反身代词
7、have a pain in one’s 部位 询问疾病
1、what’s the truoble (with…)?
2、what happened (to…)?
3、Is there anything wrong (with…)? put 词组
1、put up 张贴，搭建，举起(=raise)
2、put away 收好
3、put on 穿上，上演，发牌，增重
4、put into 输入
5、put back 放回原处，把钟表调慢
6、put out 熄灭火焰
7、put down 放下
8、put one’s heart into 全神贯注于 come 词组
1、come in 进来
2、come out 出来，开花，出版
3、come on 加油，快点
4、come up 走近，走向前来
5、come over 过来，顺便拜访 方向
in the n. of ~
= in the adj. part of ~
= in 方向大写 ~
eg. in the north of China
= in the nothern part of China
= in North China
读read + 内容
观看watch + 动作画面
看look 强调动作和过程，需要加at才能接宾语
看see 强调结果和状态
a sign of …
a sign of life 生命迹象
take turns to do sth轮流做某事
It’s one’s turn to do 轮到某人做某事
just now用一般过去时
just用现在完成时 一 月：January
二 月：February
三 月：March
四 月：April
五 月：May
六 月：June
七 月：July
八 月：August
九 月：September
十 月：October
十一月：November
十二月：December “
序数词
123特殊记，f要把ve替（five），
8加h，9减e，ty结尾变y为i加eth
“ cheer sb up put off sth
put off doing give out 发出光、热、气味，分发
hand out 分发 all the same 仍然
Thank you all the same .没帮上表感谢
help out with 帮助做成功某事 tell sb stories
= tell stories to sb
tell sb stories about 讲关于…的故事
one day 用于过去时 in the past = in the old days such a/an adj 可单
= so adj a/an 可单
such a strong feeling
=so strong a feeling
To see is to believe 眼见为实 to do
1、做动词宾语，常见动词 would like,want ,help…
2、做宾语补足语，常见动词 ask,want,tell,invite…
3、做目的状语
4、做后置定语，a chance to do … = an opportunity to do
5、动词help 及役使动词后省略 to，make sb do sth
6、It做形式主语，真正主语为后面不定式 It’s adj./n. to do
eg. It’s a waste to cut down lots of trees for chopsticks every year.
推迟
put off doing
put off … until/till … 某人自己的
one’s own
be busy with
=be busy doing
打折
on sale 大批商品
for sale 单个商品
make money by doing
= make a living by doing
谋生
parts of speach 词性
提问用 what parts of speach be sure
1、be sure of/about
2、be sure to do sth 确认要去做某事
3、bu sure that …
make a difference to sb/sth
举例子
like doing … , doing… , doing…
such as doing … , doing… , doing…
双重所有格
a friend/relative of sb’s/名物
a friend of mine
=one of mine friends
be excited about…
the idea of doing sth a photo of you/him/sb 一张…的照片
a photo of yours 你拥有的
a photo of you 照片上有你
a photo of yours 你拥有的一张图片
satisfy sb
= make sb (feel) satisfied
= sb be satisfied/pleased with
take after
≈ be like
≠ look like
忘记
1.forget
forget sb/sth
forget doing 做过
forget to do 去做（没做）
forgot forgotten
forgetting
2.leave
leave + 地点状语
campus
校园
campus
= school yard
increase to 增加到~
increase by 增加了~
end up sth. 结束某事
end up with sth. 以~结束
end up doing 最终成为
时间/动名词/不定式做主语，谓语动词用单数
分数/百分数+of+名词 作主语，谓语动词单复数取决于后面所修饰的名词
A + with / together with / along with / besides / except / but / as well as + B
+ 谓语动词，谓语动词与A一致
就近原则
either ~ or ~
neither ~ nor ~
not only ~ but also ~
not ~ but ~
there/here be
a group of + 可复 imagine doing sth train sb to do sth charity 慈善机构 据说
1、People say that~
2、They say that~
3、It is said that~
4、主 be said to do sth
eg.People/They say that Tom is handsome.
=It is said that Tom is handsome.
=Tom is said to be handsome.
afford to do not only A but also B open my eyes 开阔了我的视野 我不知道
I don’t know…
I have no idea of … course
1、课程
2、of course
3、50 courses 50圈 broken down
坏掉了
两件事同时发生
主动在前，次动在后用doing 表伴随，中间加“,” 简单句
1、主 + 系 + 表（adj，n）
eg. That sounds good.
2、主 + 谓（不及物）
eg. He got up.
3、主 + 谓 + 宾
eg. He likes English.
4、主 + 谓 + 双宾
eg. I give he book(直接宾语) to you(间接宾语）?
5、主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
eg. That film made me happy(宾补）.
在过去
in the past
= in the old days
It’s a waste of time.
浪费时间 反义疑问句 + 否定疑问句
回答 先答后半句的实际情况，再答 Yes 或 No
Tom isn’t a boy ,is he?
-Yes,he is. 不，他是。
Don’t you like Tom?
-Yes,I do. 不，我喜欢。
Miku is the best,isn’t she?
-Yes,she is.是的，她是。
rubbish 垃圾 litter 废物
take out the rubbish
= take the rubbish out
fold the clothes
fold the quilt
= make one’s bed
= make the bed
floor 室内地面
ground 室外地面
在第~层
on the+序数词+floor
eg. on the third floor
mess
1、what a mess!
2、make a mess
3、be in a mess shirt男衬衫
blouse女衬衫
throw词组
throw away 扔掉
throw down 放下
throw sth about 乱扔
throw sth to sb 目的是对方接住
throw sth at 目的是打中
throw同音为through(从三维空间穿过） do (sth) all the time 一直做某事
thank you all the same 仍然要感谢你 nor = not or
neither = not either
1、Neither/Nor + be/情/助 + 主语
eg. Sunny isn’t a girl.
-Neither/Nor is Tom
2、Neither A nor B (就近原则)
A和B都不
3、Neither of the + 可复/代词宾格 + v.(单) + 宾(单)
eg. Neither of the students is a worker.
4、Neither + 可单
eg. Neither answer is right.
as soon as + 时间状语从句
主 + as soon as 从句（主将从现/主过从过）
= 主 + the minute (that）+ 从句
= 主 + the moment (that) + 从句
= 主 + the second (that) + 从句
eg. I smile as soon as I see you.
pass
1、pass sb sth
= pass sth to sb
把…递给
2、pass on sth. to sb.
=pass sth on to sb
把…传下去给…
3、pass the exam
通过
4、sb + 动 + past
经过
eg. I walk past the school
5、pass on = pass down 传递下去
finger(s) 手指
toe(s) 脚趾
借
borrow sth from sb
lend sb sth
= lend sth to sb
keep for~/keep since~ /how long to keep
hate
1、hate sb/sth
2、hate to do = hate doing request 请求,要求
make a request
ask for help
ask for permission 请求允许 提建议
1、Let’s do sth,shall we?
2、Shall we do sth?
3、Why not/don’t you do sth?
4、Could you please do sth?
5、Would you like to do sth?
6、What/How about doing sth?
7、Would you mind 形物/宾格 doing sth?
8、You should do sth.
9、You could do sth. help sb out with sth
距离，钱，时间，重量是一个整体，动词用单数
时间就是金钱，距离就能减重量
eg. two hours,two kilometers,twenty yuan,two pounds is…
fight/argue/quarrel with sb
=have a/an fight/quarrel/argument with sb surprise
1、sth surprise sb 使…惊讶
=sth make sb (feel) sruprised
2、do sth in surprise 惊讶地做某事
3、(much) to one’s surprise , …
eg. Much to my surprise , Jim came yesterday.
4、get a big surprise/shock
5、sb be surprised at sth 因…而感到很惊讶
6、sb be surprised to do sth 做…很惊讶
I was surprised to see Jim yesterday
7、sb be surprised that…
8、surprsing 修饰事物
do sth by accident/chance
= do sth accidentally
= happen to do sth
need
1、need sb/sth
2、need to do 需要做
3、need sb to do
4、need doing sth = need to be done 需要被… How 提问方式方法时，用by doing
回答 miss doing sth A mean the same thing as B
= A and B have the same meaning coem over 过来
come over to sp 顺便拜访
so
1、so + be/情/助 + 主
…也是
2、so + 主 + be/情/助
的确如此
share sth with sb as a result后面跟句子，表示因此，所以
eg.He got up very late today. As a result, he missed the first bus.
as the result of+名词/动名词，表示因为，由于
eg.The train was delayed as the result of the heavy rain.
drop + 科目 = give up + 科目
dropped 没有必要做某事
1、It’s not necessary for sb to do sth
2、There is no need for sb to do sth
3、sb needn’t do sth
4、sb don’t need to do sth
5、sb don’t have to do sth pressure 压力[uc]
stress 精神压力[uc]
waste sth develop one’s independence
adj.developing 发展中的
adj.developed 发达的
the idea of fairness 公平的概念
unfair <=> fair
It’s fair for sb to do sth. in the neighborhood
= near here
hood词根表示抽象
eg.childhood 童年
eg.neighborhood
en词头表示使拥有~
eg.encourage 鼓励
eg.enrich充实，使丰富
eg.endanger危机，危害
skim 略读
look through 浏览
反对 be againist
赞成 be for
动词加强
前面加不能加very
后加too much,a lot,very much
eg.eat too much
eg.eat a lot
eg.eat very much
do one’s part in doing sth
参与做某事
keep sth. adj fall + 状态
eg.fall asleep,fall ill
never too… to…
绝不因…而不能…
eg. You are never too old to learn.
would have done
表示主句是与过去事实相反的一种情况
eg.I would have told you all about the boy’s story,but you didn’t ask me.
我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。
eg.Without your help,I wouldn’t have achieved so much.
没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩的。
There be 的时态解析
一般现在时
There is still room for improvement.
一般将来时
There will be rain next week.
一般过去时
There wasn’t any change in him.
现在完成时
There has been little business between the two companies.
lead to
1.导致
2.通往
when 引导的时间状语从句
主将从现
I’ll call you when I get there.
主祈从现
Remember to say goodbye to Mr.Smith tomorrow when you see him.
主情从现
You must see a doctor when you’re ill.
主过从过
时间不明确，两个动作几乎是同时发生的
When he was 7,he could swim.
When I lived in the countryside,I used to carry some water for him.
主过去进行，从过
在另一个动作进行的一段时间中另一个动作发生了
When John arrived,I was cooking dinner.
主过去完成，从过
两个动作发生先后明确
When I got to the airport,the guests had left.
Many + 可复 + 动(复)
=Many a + 可单 + 动(单)
Many a student has made that mistake before.
=Many students have made that mistake before.
consider doing 考虑做某事
be considered to to 被认为做某事
表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等活动时(出现timetable等词)，一般现在时代替一般将来时
eg.The museum opens at ten tomorrow.
eg.According to the timetable, the train leaves at 8:27
~ed感到……的(人)
~ing令人……的(物)
eg.relaxed relaxing
1. 时间副词
表示时间的now, today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, ago
表示频度的always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, hardly ever
2. 地点副词
here, there, somewhere, anywhere, home, abroad
3. 方式副词
quickly, happily, loudly, suddenly, badly, easily, quietly
4. 程度副词
very, so, quite, too, much, rather, nearly
5. 疑问副词
how, where, when, why, how long, how soon, how often, how far
疑问副词常用来引导特殊疑问句
6. 连接副词
how, where, when, why
形容词、副词在句中的用法
1.形容词在句中主要用作定语、表语、宾语补足语(常与make, leave, keep等连用)
2.形容词在句中作定语时，通常放在所修饰词的前面
但如果修饰something, everything, anything,
nothing等复合不定代词时，要放在复合不定代词的后面
3.副词在句中主要用作状语、表语、宾语补足语等
4.副词修饰形容词或副词时，常放在被修饰词之前(enough修饰形容词或副词时，要放在被修饰词之后)
副词修饰动词时，常放在动词的后面
频度副词通常放在实义动词前面，其他动词后面
adj. good
adv. well
well作adj.只能作身体好
marry
1.marry sb.
= get married to sb.
与某人结婚
2.marry sb. to sb. 把某人嫁给某人
3.be married to sb 与某人结婚(延)
marry是非延续性动词，不能与表示一段时间的词连用
出现一段时间只能用be married / be married to sb.
订婚 get engaged
离婚 get divorced
give词组
give sb. a lift/ride 捎某人一程
=offer sb. a ride
give sb. a hand 帮某人一把
give sb. a ring 给某人打个电话
give sb. a lesson 给某人上课 / 给某人一个教训
give sb. a chance 给某人一个机会
用and连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况，即表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加-’s，表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加-’s
Miku’s and Feng’s rooms 各自的房间
Miku and Feng’s room 共同的房间 alive
形容词，“活着的”，“有生气的”
在句中作表语、后置定语或宾语补足语
表示“有生气的”，不用very修饰，但是可以用much / very much 修饰
作表语时，可与living转化
lively
“活泼的”，作表语或定语
living
“活着的”，作表语或定语
fish
1.指可数的鱼时单复同形
one fish，two fish，three fish
2.作鱼的种类
单数：fish
复数：fishes
““花花花花”
“
live a adj life
live a long life
live a happy life allow
1、allow doing sth 任何人
2、allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
3、sb be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事 wrong <=> right = correct look词组
1、look at 看着
2、look after 照顾
3、look for 寻找
4、look through 浏览
5、look into 往…里看
6、look out of 往外看
7、look out 小心
8、look forward to doing 期待 deal
1、That’s not a big deal 那不是一个大事
2、That’s a deal. 一言为定
3、make a deal with sb 与某人做交易 deal with = do with
how to deal with = what to do with get into a fight with
= have a fight with
= fight with
1、say sorry to sb
2、say hello to sb
3、say goodbye to sb
4、say thank you to sb good词组
1、be good at 擅长
2、be good for 对…有益处
3、be good with善于应付
4、be good to sb = be kind/nice to sb 对某人态度全用to
对某人态度全用to
eg.be good to sb.
= be nice to sb.
= be kind to sb.
worry about = be worried about could do
1、不确定
2、众多之一的建议
should do
1、确定
2、唯一建议
explain to sb about sth
= explain sth to sb
explain oneself
A after B
= not A before B
= not A until B
return
1、回来
2、归还
1、回来
return to sp
=come/go/get/be back to sp
地点副词前不加to
eg.return home
2、归还
return sth to sb
= give sth back to sb
older / elder old-older-oldest
用于比较（表语）
I’m 11 years older than him.
old-elder-eldest
亲戚关系（定语）
his elder uncle
hints 暗示 be nervous about sth
be nervous to do sth
be nervous that ~
relations between A and B
relatives 亲戚
relationship 关系
与…交流
communicate with sb
=have a communication with sb argue/quarrel with sb.
= have an argument with sb.
= have a quarrel with sb.
instead of sb/sth/doing
He didn’t answer.Instead,he asked me.
= He asked me instead of answering
1、too much pressure
2、under pressure 压力之下
3、put pressure to sb compete with sb
competition
have/hold a competition
1、in one’s opinion = sb think
2、have a good opinion of sb 对某人有好印象
3、change one’s opinion of sb
quick response 反应
1.continue to do
继续做某事，继续做事，继续做另一件事
2.continue doing
一直做（同一件事）
to be continued 未完待续 compare A to B
把A比作B
compare A with B
比较A与B
be crazy with…
push 词组
1、push sb hard
2、push away 推开
3、push on 继续
4、push one’s way to 在人群中挤过去
5、push through 使通过
6、push the door open 开门 with the development of cause sb to do sth
引起某人做某事
cause sth for sb
对…造成…
eg.I’m sorry to cause the problem for you.
1.be sorry to do sth很抱歉做了某事
2.be sorry for sth为某事感到抱歉
3.be sorry for sb 为某人感到同情,同情,怜悯
as+原级+as usual
像往常一样~
think for oneself 独自思考
think to oneself 寻思
say to oneself 自言自语 1、fail sth
2、fail to do sth 没能做成
3、fail in sth even/a little/bit/any + 比较级 do sth for the first/last time a
teacher of English = a English teacher know all/nothing about start at a very
young age
= start very young
costume play
=cosplay
costume n.戏服
时间状语从句
1、主将从现，主过从过
2、延续性动词 + until ，瞬间动作 not…until 主 + so that / in order that +
目的状语从句 call on 呼吁 现在进行时的使用
1.表示说话瞬间正在进行的动作
eg.They are playing basketball.
2.表示目前或现阶段正在进行的动作
eg.Nancy is working on a new book about history in school.
3.说话者的强烈感情
eg.Why are you always coming late for school.
不能变被动语态的情况
1.某些 感官动词+形容词 或 某些 动词+副词
smell , taste , sell ~
eg.The dish tastes delicious.
eg.The book is so interesting that it sells well.
eg.The pen writes well.
2.need 作实义动词时，need doing表被动
现在完成时
1.表示动作已经完成，对现在造成影响
2.表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能延续下去
标志词
already , yet , ever , since , never , just , before单独出现 , for~ , in the
past/last~ , by now , so far , recently , lately , twice , three times
make use of ～ 利用～ 及物动词后面没有物用被动语态 no
longer用在实义动词前面，其他动词后面
not ~ any longer/any more 中 any longer/any more放在句尾
eg.Mr. Brown no longer works here.
= Mr. Brown doesn’t work here any longer / any more.
not only ~ but also ~
不仅 ~ 而且 ~
着重强调后者
就近原则
also 有时可以省略
Not only 用于句首常用倒装语序
be harmful to
= do harm to
= be bad for
number
high / low
grow / fall
turn词组
1.turn on 打开，发动
2.turn around 转身
3.turn up 调高(音量)；出现
4.turn down 调低；拒绝
5.turn into 变成；进入
6.turn off 关掉
“
时态
“ throw away
1.扔掉，丢弃浪费(机会、优势或好处)
I never throw anything away.
2.错过(机会等),放过;未能很好利用(机会等)
Don’t throw away this opportunity.
3.浪费(时间、金钱等)，乱花(钱等)
It will be time and money thrown away.
build/make ~ out of
用 ~ 建造/制造 ~
He bulit a model ship out of wood.
“后置定语
“ be about to do
马上要去做某事
thankfully 谢天谢地
hopefully 有希望的 number of British apologies for every 100 America apologies
美国人每道歉100次英国人道歉的次数 re~词缀
1.回，向后
return回来，recall回忆
2.再，重新，重复
rethink再思考，reuse再运用，restart重新开始，recycle再利用
un~词缀
常用在形容词、副词、分词、动词和名词之前
1.表示否定意义
uncomfortable 不舒服的
unending 无尽的
unlucky 不幸的
unusual 不平常的
unkind 不仁慈的
2.表示相反的动作
uncover 打开~的盖子
unearth 从地下掘出
unbutton 解开扣子
~ive词缀
有~的
create + ~ive = creative
~ly词缀
形容词变副词
recent -> recently
~tion词缀
动词变名词
protect -> protection
1.当单词最后是t，d，te，de时，变名词加tion或ation或ition
2.当单词最后是元音字母时，变名词加sion
turn down/up (a little / bit)
调大/小
All roads lead to Rome .
条条大路通罗马
合成词
1、n. + n.
rainstorm
2、v.ing + n.
dininghall
3、adj. +n.
superman
begin
1、n. beginning = start <=> end
在…开头at the beginning/end/start of …
2、v. begin/start (sth) with 以…开始
end (sth) with以…结束
suddenly = all of a sudden n.wind
v.blow
strong wind
light
1、光线
the light is poor 暗光
2、浅色
light blue 浅蓝
deep blue 深蓝
3、轻的
light<=>heavy
4、灯
turn on/off the light
make/give a report 作报告
report to school 报到
It’s reported that …据报道
poor area 贫困地区
an area 一个地区
wood[uc]
1、a piece of wood 一块木头
2、woods = forest
3、adj. wooden
eg.wooden desk
1、look through the window 目光通过窗户看，不强调
2、look in to/out of the window 强调看的对象在窗外/内
3、at the window 在窗边，有接触
4、There are three windows in the wall. match
1、matches
2、比赛 watch a match
3、v.匹配 match A with B beat词组
1、敲打 beat against
2、打败 A beat B = B lose to A
3、beat down 打倒
4、beat back 击退 against词组
1、play against
2、stand against 倚着…站
3、lean against
4、be against 反对 at first = first of all 表语asleep <=> awake
定语sleeping
fall asleep 瞬间性
be asleep 延续性
rise&raise词组
rise 不及物vi.
1、The sun rises every day in the east
2、rise = get up = stand up
3、rise rose risen
raise 及物vt.
1、raise your hands 举手发言
2、raise one’s head
fallen leaves 落叶
falling leaves 正在落的叶子
be in bad shape
混乱
be busy doing 忙于做某事 all of the above 以上所有的 Why = What …for?
Why are you late? = What are you late for?
could you please do 也
too = as well放句尾
look at sth
= have a look at sth
= take a look at sth
Are you kidding (me)? be completely wrong be shocked at sth
be shocked to do
silence词组
1、Silence is gold.沉默是金。
2、do sth in silence = do sth silently
3、adj.silent
keep silent
4、break the silence 打破宁静
recently = lately
时间的提问
日期
What’s the date today?
- It’s Apr 3rd.
- Today’s Apr 3rd.
星期
What day is today?
-It’s Wednesday today.
What day is it today?
-Today is Wednesday.
What’s today?
- It’s Wednesday,Apr 3rd,2019.
What time is it?
- It’s a quater to three.
temple 庙
tower 塔
1、tell (sb) the truth
<=>tell (sb) a lie
2、find out the truth
3、adj. true<=> false
break sth apart leave ~
离开 ~
leave for + 目的地
出发去 ~
rush to do sth
= do sth in a rush
wait for sb to do murder 谋杀 still 仍然，还
sit/stand still
一动也不动的坐着/站着
v.并列
A and A A啊A啊
eg. wait and wait 等啊等啊
A and B 边A边B
eg. sing and dance 边跳边唱
get + 过去分词
eg. get drunk 喝醉
get engaged 定婚
鹅
goose
geese
表一类
1、ducks
2、a duck
3、the duck
疑问句 + to do
= 疑问句 + 主语 + can/will/should do
what to do = what I can/will/should do
sick 定语/表语
sick可以表示不舒服 eg. home-sick想家 sea-sick晕船
n.sickness
ill 只能做表语
ill如果当定语相当于bad不修饰人eg.Ill news travels fast.=Bad news travels fast.
n.illness
be deaf in one ear volunteer one’s time to do sth what else? = what other
things? 收获 v.&n.harvest
have a good harvest 大丰收
a great/large amount of +不可数名词，谓语动词用单数
eg.A large amount of money was spent on the bridge.
large amounts of+ 不可数名词， 谓语动词用复数
eg.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.
place of interest 名胜古迹 Women’s Day the quality of…
…的质量
pollen 花粉 不定代词不与of 连用 as + 原级 + as sb. could/can
= as + 原级 + as possible
benefit from …
从…受益
complain to sb sbout sth shoot词组
1、shoot at sb/sth 瞄准射击
2、shoot sb/sth 射中
3、shoot sb/sth in the 部位
4、shoot the arrow at the target 有的放矢 treat sb. equally
平等对待某人
weak<=>strong
be good at = do well in <=>be weak in
remind
1、remind sb of sb/sth 使某人想起某人/某事
2、remind sb (not) to do 提醒某人（不要）做某事
3、remind (that) ~ 1、a little bit + 原级/比较级
2、a bit of + 不可
3、not a bit 一点也不
4、do sth bit by bit 一点点地 silly = foolish = stupid <=> clever = bright =
smart change/turn A into B 把A变成B
translate A into B 把A翻译成B an object hide - hid - hidden 词组
1、hide - and - seek 捉迷藏
2、hide oneself…
3、hide out 隐藏 sth excite sb
=sth make sb (feel) excited prince 王子 princess 公主 适合
1、fit多指大小、形状、位置等适合
eg.keep fit
2、suit 多指符合需求、口味、性格、条件等，尤指衣着、颜色、设计或发型合适
3、match 指在品质、颜色、设计等方面匹配
a couple of + 可复
几个~ / 两个~
smile
1、smile at sb
2、do sth with a smile a golden ring/necklace 金色的…
a gold ring/necklace 金子做的…
an emperor 皇帝
a king 国王
pack a change of underwear 带换洗内衣 1、cheat sb
2、cheat sb (out) of sth 骗取某人某物
3、cheater 骗子
the whole n. = all (the) n. scenery
scene
scenery 风景
scene 场景
sunshine 阳光
moonlight 月光
lead词组
1、lead sb to sp
2、lead sb to do
3、lead to an accident 导致事故
4、lead the way
5、leader 声音
1、sound 一切声音
2、voice 嗓音
3、noise 不悦耳的声音 brave <=> timid be moved by 被…感动 a good way to do =
a good way of doing have opinions about…
对…的观点
flood 洪水
赶上
catch up with sb
= catch sb up
<=> fall behind
跟上
keep up with sb
<=> fall behind
explain sth to sb be in need of … (need 为名词)
= need … (need 为动词)
allow
1、allow doing 允许
2、allow sb to do 允许某人…
3、sb be allowed to do 被允许 beat sb in
eg.Nino beat Miku in cooking.
be against doing in the morning
on + 某一天 + morning
on + 日期 + morning
on + 天气描写 + morning
feel like doing
= would like to do
fail
1、fail (in) sth
2、fail to do sth 没能做成某事
<=> succeed in doing
= manage to do
regard A as B 把A看做B congratulate sb. on doing sth.
congratulations to sb. on sth.
be thankful to sb. for sth. “
所有格 人称
注意its与it’s区分
it’s是it is缩写
“ 定语从句の传送门
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/48953458
https://www.zhihu.com/question/372069086/answer/1020788560
advise doing
advise sb to do
guide sb to do sth encourage sb to do
encourage sb in sth
put in effort 付出努力
can’t help (to) do
译为不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing
译为情不自禁做某事
look back on
回忆~
双写结尾加 er/est 的词
Q & A
大（big）
红（red）
胖（fat）
瘦（thin）
湿（wet）
热（hot）
set an example 做榜样 encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 for + 时间复数 = for
many 时间复数
for hours = for many hours country 国
county 县
province省
the province + 省名 = 省名+ province
avoid sth/dong sth 防止 be confident in oneself 自信
= have confidence in oneself
= be self-confident
在某人二十几岁时 in one’s twenties
in one’s + 整数年龄的复数形式
at the bottom of 在…底部 mood 情绪
in mood 在…情绪里
情绪好
I am in a good mood.
= I am in the mood.
情绪不好
be in a mood
娱乐 entertainment = recreation threaten to do 威胁做某事 expect to do
expect sb to do
expect that… have problems doing sth get sb. to do
have sb. do
have/get sth + 过去分词 让这件事被别人做
eg. 我刷车 I want to wash my car.
eg.找人刷车 I want to have/get my car washed.
volunteer one’s time to do be surprised to do = be surprised at 表强调
1、黑体，斜体，大写
2、用 do ，does，did 在动词前
3、强调句式 It is/was + 强调部分 + who/that + 剩下部分
eg. I studied English at home last night.
->强调 It was English that I studied at home last night.
imagine doing What to do
= What 主 should/will/can do
= How to do it
延续
be interested in
= have/take/show interest in
瞬间
become interested in
hide sth + 地点状语 give birth to a son
生了一个儿子
wag摇摆（左右）
= swing
shake（上下）
发生
happen 偶然
take place 按计划安排
无被动 be fit for sth 合适…
…fit sb most … 最适合某人
ignore 忽视 使…感动
v. move
adj.moving/moved
fight with sb 两人来回打
fight sb 打倒某人 make sb 名词
eg. make him a classmate
pretend 假装
pretend to do 假装做某事（to do一般式）
pretend to be doing 假装正在做某事（to do进行式）
pretend to have done 假装做完某事（to do完成式） make sth for sb keep sth for
oneself 为某人自己留… only 在谁面前强调谁 road 跑车
street 走人
穿
1、put on <=> take off 强调动作
2、wear,wears,be wearing/in
3、dress sb/oneself
4、be in 强调状态 = be wearing
be in 颜色 eg. be in blue
drave
duck
duckling
drave鸭爸爸
duck 鸭妈妈
duckling 鸭宝宝
otherwise
否则
otherwise & or
otherwise 表示客观陈述
or 强调主观，说话人希望按他所说的积极方面去做，有警告、强调的语气
eg.You must wait for your turn; otherwise people may get angry with you.
eg.Study harder, or you can’t get good grades.
save sb 救某人
save sth 节约 <=> waste 浪费 follow sb to do sth
follow sb to sp
lead sb to do sth
lead sb to sp made of 能看到原材料
made from 看不到原材料
not noly A but (also) B = 不止A还有B
= not only A but B as well
相同部分只说一遍，不同部分被连词连接
a bit/little/little bit + adj/adv 原级/比较级
a bit of + 不可
a little + 不可 go on/continue to do 做完一件事做另一件事
go on/continue doing 继续做上一件事 feel/see/hear/notice/watch sb doing/do
sb. be felt/seen/heared~ to do 被听见做某事
迷路
lose one’s way to sp
lose one’s way home/there/here/abroad
get lost
be lost
lead - led - led
tear - tore - torn
in order not to do
= so as not to do
只用于否定句
give brith to sb
=sb was born in/on… unless/if 条件句
= 祈使句，and/or + 一般将来时
metal 金属
medal奖牌
gold medal
silver medal
set on doing
决心要做某事 nevertheless
然而 set out on a new journey good-tempered 脾气好的 optimistic 乐观的
considerate
caring
thoughtful
考虑周到的,体贴的 punctual adj. 准时的,守时的 forgetful adj.健忘的
straightforward 坦率的 at will
随意 embarrassed
embarrassing
“far - farther/further - farthest/furthest
further多用于抽象的比较,有””更进一步、更深远、额外””等等含义
“ button
bottom
button 扣子
bottom 底部
8 square meters
8m²
deep 实际 deeply 抽象：深切的
定语 a ten-meter-deep river
表语 The river is 10 meters deep.
wide 实际 widely 抽象：广泛的
定语 a ten-meter-wide wall
表语 The wall is 10 meters wide.
high 实际 highly 抽象：高度的
定语 an 8000-meter-high hill
表语 The hill is 8000 meters high.
aspect n.方面,层面,样子 travel in the desert 沙漠
dessert 甜品
Asian 亚洲的
European 欧洲的
a European conutry
Asia 亚洲
Europe 欧洲
population
1. …的人口 the population of …
eg. the population of China
特例 the population of the world = the world’s population
2.人口做主语，动词用单数
eg. The population of China is 1.4 billion.
3.人口多用large,人口少用small
eg. The population of China is large ,while the population of Canada is small.
4.提问人口多少用what或how large
eg. What is the population of China?
= How large is the population of China? (不常用，考试时候别当成感叹句就完事了)
5.The population of 国家/地区 is …
= 地区/国家 has a population of …
eg. The population of China is 700000000.
= China has a population of 700000000.
6.分数/百分数 + 人口
如果变成了人干的事，人口变成了人，就要用动词复数
eg.About 7% of the population in China are farmers.
随便做某事 feel free to do
tour
n.a tour guide
v.tour
vt. tour Italy
vi. tour in Italy
tour + (in) + 地点
on the wall 在表面上
in the wall 在墙里 amazing = surprising modern <=> ancient
eg. an ancient building protect sb from… “表示两物方向/方位
“ thick <=> thin <=> heavy v.include + 包含的一部分
prep. ~,including~
v.contain + 包含全部
n. content 目录
icy 用于天气
freezing 用法广泛
condition 能感受到的状况
in the situation…情况,境地
1.succeed v.
succeed in doing sth
= do sth successfully
2.success n.
Failure is the mother of success.
the road to success
3.successful
4.successfully
1.n.failure
2. fail (in) sth
= fail to do
v. challenge sth
n.the challenge of sth
sb achieve one’s dream
force sb to do sth 利用武力
even though = even if
即使,可能是实际情况,也可以退一步假设
≠ though/although
尽管,实际情况
although不可与but连用 be strict in sth/with sb 严格的,褒义词
be hard on sb 苛刻，贬义词 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋
the Indian Ocean 印度洋
the Altlantic Ocean 大西洋
the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋
《Cao Chong weighs the Elephant》
v.weigh
n.weight
the weight of…
How heavy …?
= What’s the weight of …?
at birth
= when sb was born
an adult
= a grown-up
bamboo 竹子
shampoo 洗发水
in excitement
表示的是这个动作沉浸在这种情绪中
兴奋当中，有一时冲动的含义
with excitement
表示的是情绪是这种状态
带着兴奋，就是说兴奋的怎么怎么样
in addition to
除～之外 wreath 花圈，花环
wealth 财富，财产 beard
bread beard 须，络腮胡子
bread 面包 walk into sth/sb
撞上~
大约
1.about~
2.around~
3.~or so wild animals 野生动物
wild flowers
government official
公务员
oil 石油，食用油
petrol 汽油
范围
of
in
句子:we have ever done
have a history of +年
有…年的历史
have a long history
悠久的历史
当比较级双方都有定语修饰时，单数用that代替，复数用those代替
eg. The population of China is a lot bigger than the population of the US.
= The population of China is a lot bigger than that of the US.
ask sb sth
= ask sth to sb
make sb/sth + 名词 border 边境
eg.China-Russian border 中俄边境
located = lies
位于…
climate 气候
weather 天气
one of the 最高级 + 可复 + 范围 of the 数字
~之中
eg. of the three
the top of …
<=>the foot of …
the 序数词 + 可单/复 + to do risk one’s life doing sth send away 撵走 remind sb
of sth
remind sb to do sth show up 露面
show hands 全押上
而不是…
rather than do …
= instead of doing… v. congratulate sb on sth
面对面祝贺
n.congratulation to sb on sth
keep still 一动不动 train sb to do
训练某人做某事
fell off
= fell down from
let sb off 放过某人 another 数字 + 可复
= 数字 + more + 可复
eg.another 300 pandas
= 300 more pandas
there be + 主 + doing
= 主 + be + doing
strategy 策略 prepare sth for sb
= get sth ready for sb
run over to sb
跑过去到某人身旁
look over 检查 …be special to sb every other year
≈every two years
cause problems for sb send sb to sp./do tell sb about sth the importance of
sth/doing sth do research on sth 专门研究
do research about sth 不专门研究 method 方法 be/do in the face of…
面对
treasure [c] A be full of B
= A be filled with B
动词 + full of
on page twenty-five hurry up to sp./to do
hurry off to sp./ to do匆匆离开去~
be due + 时间 未完待续 to be continued ship & boat
Q & A
ship 大船，on the ship ,in the sea 有甲板所以on the ship
boat 小船，in the boat ,on the sea shoot at sb with a gun/guns
shoot sb with a gun/guns the mark of… towards
Q & A
动词 + towards
eg. run towards
to & towards
1.表示静态位置时，to & towards 都表朝、向，可互换
2.表示动态时，towards强调动作方向，to不仅指方向，也指到达
1.land on the earth 着陆
2.swim back to the land
3.on land <=>in the sea high-technology 高科技 n.France
adj.French
n.Frenchman
n.China
adj.Chinese
n.Chinese
I’m French/Chinese/American
=I’m a Frenchman/Chinese/American
a piece of music 一首音乐 do sth forever here,there,home,abroad 前不加介词
go/live/study abroad
~ from abroad
来自国外的~
from 不省略
country,city,town
in the country
conutryside 风光，美景 黑人英雄坐在火山上吃芒果、土豆和西红柿
negro, hero, potato, tomato, mango
许多种类的蔬菜 many vegetables
做好的菜 much vegetable
buy
三单
buys
Where 提问
1.回答在~地点
2.be doing
3.have/has gone to~ “有关方位的介词
“
likely
adj.可能的; 预料的; 有希望的; 似乎合适的; 仿佛恰当的
adv.可能; 或许
1.sleepy是形容词
表语：困倦的,想睡的
前置定语：寂静的
2.asleep是形容词,
只能做表语,意思是：睡着的.
3.sleeping是形容词
意思是：睡着的
可以作表语和前置定语
另外它还是个动名词
When I go camping,I sleep in a sleeping bag.
admit / postpone(延期) / practice / recall(记忆起) / resent(愤怒，感到气愤) /
resist(抵制，阻挡，反抗) / risk / suggest / stand / forgive / keep /
appreciate(欣赏) / avoid / consider / delay(延迟) + doing reces of people 种族
scold sb for doing sth
因某事斥责某人
feature
feather
feature 特色，特征，特点
feather 羽毛
lessen v. 减小，变小，减轻
lesson n. 课程 raw & rag raw
adj.生的，未加工的，原始的
rag
n.破布，抹布
v.嘲笑，捉弄
雨伞
umbrella “at on in
“ actually = in fact = as a matter of fact
actually 后面有“，” tricycle 三轮车 a black and white TV ever since
可以单独表示从那时起，since 不行
since 1905 = ever since
(ever) since + 过去的时间点
(ever) since + 一段时间+ ago
(ever) since + 过去时态从句
eg.since 1903
= since 116 years ago
= since TsingTao Beer wal produced
gate 大门 door 小门 feel/be comfortable doing sth rent 租 complain to sb about
sth do sth in return for~
作为~的回报做某事
fan 扇子，迷
n.+ fan
eg. football fan
No trading,no killing . 没有买卖就没有杀害。 sth belong to sb
= sth be sb’s
属于某人
the beauty of
…的美丽
beautify 美化
record 词组
1.set up a world record
2.record holder
3.break/beat/cut the record 打破纪录
4.keep a record of …
5.tape recorder 录音机 1.set in line
2.wait in line
3.cut the line
4.the starting line 起跑线
the finishing line 终点线
in line = in queue
yet 还没，还未，用在否定句、疑问句
already用在肯定句、疑问句（表惊讶）
be due to do 预定要做
due to …由于
= because of
v. + 疑问句 + to do
= v. + 疑问句 + 主语 + can/will/should do
missing 不见了
lost 找不到，丢了
disappear = fade away
wither 花凋谢 shrewd wise = shrewd
adj.精明的; 敏锐的; 有眼光的; 精于盘算的; 判断得准的; 高明的
play a trick on…
tricky = foxy
have/has been to sp. + 次数
have/has been in/at sp. + 段时间 现在完成时中没有具体时间
翻译中有“已经”
tend to do 倾向于 warm
warmth 温暖
hospitable adj.热情好客的 whom/who 做宾语一样，只有who能做主语
whose在定语从句中指代人或物+’s v. explain n. explanation …with the help of…
do research on…
accuse sb of …
= charge sb with …
控告 money-centered 以钱为中心 adj.
social-relationship-centered 以社会关系为中心 adj. burst into …
突然迸发某种感情
hope to do be responsible for… 对…负责 amuse = entertain
amusement park = entertainment park
it(形式主语）is believed that… 被相信…
it is reported that… 被报道… beyond one’s expectation 超出某人预料 make
progress in… = progress in …
make rapid/slow progress in …快/慢速进步 non
non-stop = ceaseless = endless 不停歇的
non-verbal 非口头的
il
illegitimate = illegal 不合法的
ir
irregular 不规则的 irresponsible 不负责的
un
untrue 不真实的
encourage sb to do 社会 n.society adj. social
community 社区 a peace-loving nation
一个热爱和平的国家 be satisfied with …
= be pleased with ~
seek 追求
chase 追逐
diversity
unity
求同存异
diversity 差异 unity 相同
put aside the differences and seek the common grounds 求同存异 safety = security
安全 nothing else 没别的了 现在完成时
1.have/has done
2.过去的动作或状态持续到现在，并已经完成，可能继续下去，对现在有影响
3.标志词：already/since/yet/never/in the past/in the last few
years/weeks/months/since then/ever 草莓
Q & A
strawberry
strawberries
travel
travelled
travelled
help sb. do sth some … some …others call sb. sth = name sb. sth 叫某人…
octopus 章鱼 sign 征兆 love / like 没有现在完成时 imagine doing
n. imagination
forever = for good 永远 be used to = be accustomed to 习惯于 vote for 投票支持
vote against 投票反对 fight for .. 为…而战 eg. fight for freedom racial
discrimination 种族歧视 whether … or not
不管… 好或不好
spring 春天，泉水，弹簧 locate v. 位于 either… or… 要么…要么
neither … nor … 既不…也不…
both .. and… 两者都
all 三者以上都
none 三者以上都不
形容词修饰名词代词，形容词在前
eg. a young man
形容词修饰不定代词，形容词在后
eg. somewhere different
on weekends = on the weekend 反义疑问句
1.前肯后否
2.前否反肯时，yes表不，no表是 抽象名词用to do 来修饰 lead to 导致 fun 有趣的
funny 有贬义 系动词
1. be ( am / is / are / was / were / been)
2. 感官动词 ( feel / look / touch / smell / taste / sounds )
3. 变化类动词 ( become ,turn, go, get, seem , remain , keep … +adj.) put up
搭建 / 举起 / 张贴 confused adj.糊涂的; 迷惑的; 不清楚的; 混乱的; 难懂的
have/has been doing 现在完成进行时，一直在… conscientiously
doubts
commitment
career
conscientiously 兢兢业业
doubts 怀疑
commitment 忠诚
career 职业生涯
have/ has an effect on … in the future 在未来
in future = from now on 从今以后
wonder
v.想知道
n.奇迹
v.徘徊wander
n.奇迹wonder = miracle
wander 徘徊 teach sb. ( about ) sth courage 勇气 encourage 鼓励 discourage
使泄气 realistic 现实的<=> unrealistic
reality 现实 n.
for one thing~, for another~
=on the one hand~, on the other hand~ try to do 努力做到
try doing 尝试做
have difficulty / problem (in) doing stay awake 保持清醒 wake sb. up fluent
fluency
fluent 流利的 adj.
fluency 流利度 n.
be far from …
be far away from … backyard
yardstick
backyard 后院
yardstick 尺码，标准
bitter
sour
sweet
spicy/hot
salty
bitter 苦
sour 酸
sweet 甜
spicy/hot 辣
salty 咸
memorize 记忆 z.
recall 回忆
bear
1.生
be born with … 与…出生
2.忍受
3.具有（特征）
soften
softness
soften v.使柔软
softness n.
get rid of … 除掉 …的坏习惯 ownership 所有权 after a while 一段时间之后
regard / treat sb./sth. as consider doing a good memory 复：memories
v. memorize clear out … from … no longer 强调时间
no more 强调数量
放句中= not … any longer/ more
while
连词：一边，同时，加连续性动词/状态
连词：而，引导并列句，表转折
一段时间
regard as … since + 过去时间点
since + 段 + ago
since + 过去时从句 延续性
be + adj.
eg. be open
be + prep.
eg.be in + 组织
be + n.
eg. be a member of +组织
be + adv.
eg.be away from sp.
瞬间动词过去时 = 延续性动词的现在完成时
eg. bought = have had
It is/has been + 段时间 + since + 过去时从句
eg. It has been two years since I became a middle school student.
= It is two years since I became a middle school student.
eg. try another time = try a second, third … time
another = a/an + 序数词 用现在完成时问
用No/Yes简略回答
用过去式做真实情况描述
How long have you had the book?
-A couple of days.I it last week.
A.bought B.have bought
Q & A
A irregular verbs
1. AAA
2. ABB
3. AAB
4. ABA
5. ABC
1
have been to sp. 曾经去过（已回来）
标志词 1.对话人 2.次数
瞬间
2
have gone to 去了某地（没回来）
标志词 1.where 2.I can’t find…
瞬间
3
have been at + 小
have been in + 大
have been 地点状语
待在某地多长时间
延续
1.in + the + 序数词 + century
eg. in the 21st century
2.in + the + 年s
eg. in the 2010s 在21世纪10年代
in one’s memory n. appearance
v. appear <=> disappear
to tell you the truth
= to be honest on sale 批量出售，大量销售
for sale 单个售卖，少量，特定的东西
opposite
= across from
马路对面
a couple of = a few count on count on = depend on 依靠 regard A as B in the
last/past + 段时间
用现在完成时
eg. in the last/past 10 years
in the past = in the old days
用一般过去时
just now
= in a minute / moment / second ago
keep sb. doing 让某人一直做
keep/stop/prevent sb from doing 阻止某人做某事
out of order 不受控制 瞬间动词的否定形式可以跟延续性时间连用 clean up 打扫干净
句中的 no longer = 句中的not +句尾的any longer give up doing 放弃
give in 投降
part with 交出（放弃）
find +具体人或物
find out + 抽象事实/原因/线索
fall asleep
= go to sleep
= get to sleep
Tom ___ for 4 hours last night.
A. has studied B.studied C. had studied
Q & A
答案：B
A表示现在已经做了4小时作业
C中last night 为过去时间段，过去完成时应为过去时间点
当既有过去时间，又有现在完成时时间时，以过去时为准！
“fail to do sth
翻译””没能做成””
“ have fun doing 分子用基数词，分母用序数词
分子单，分母单，分子复，分母复
分数 + of + the + 名/代
分数做主语时，动词取决于它后面所修饰的名词（百分数一样）
所有 ok = all right
That’s ok /all right. 可以回答道歉，表不客气/对不起
That’s right = Right = You are right make ( much/great）progress in sth
取得巨大进步 can’t wait to do 迫不及待做某事
can’t wait doing 禁不住~
after + 段时间 = 段时间 + later
用于过去式
after + 点时间
时间以实际情况为准
be due in 用现在时 one another = each other one … the other
some … ( some …) others
请客吃饭用another
eg. Would you like another…?
a number of = a great many of 动词用复数
the number of 动词用单数
《HP》很畅销
《HP》sells well
那本旧书我卖了
that old book was sold by me
一贯的情况用主动
一次的情况用被动
so + adj + a/an +可单
= such+ a / an + adj + 可单
a couple of ≈ a few
几次/几个
whether … or …
无论…还是
就近原则
1. there be
2. here be 这有 (this is 这是)
3. either … or
4. neither …nor
5. not only A but ( also) B 不仅A而且B
6. not A but B 不是A而是B borrow sth from sb
lend sth to sb. /lend sb. sth.
nearly 几乎
near 接近
hardly 几乎不
hard 艰难
drive sb. away 撵走 so far
= by now
= up till now
必用现在完成时
in one’s + 整数词复数形式
eg. in one’s twenties 在某人二十几岁时
结婚
瞬
A marry B
A get married to B
延
be married to B
fall in love with make sb remember
= remind sb of sth
how … deal with
= what … do with
怎样处理
remind sb to do 一般过去时
1. 具体过去时间
① last ~ ② ~ ago ③ yesterday ④ in + 过去时间 ⑤ just now ⑥ in the old days = in
the past
2. 与现在无关
现在完成时
1.时间不确定
① already ② yet ③ for.. ④ since ⑤ just ⑥ so far ⑦ in the last/past + 段时间
2.强调对现在的结果和影响
it’s time to do
= it’s time for doing
each adj.&pron.
1.each of + 可复/代 + 单数v.
each为pron.
其后接的名词或代词必须是复数
其后所接名词必须要有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等之类的限定词修饰
反过来，若是名词前有了限定词修饰，则必须要用 each of而不能只用 each
eg.Each of them has a book.(each为主语，谓语动词用单数)
Each of the students has a book.
2.each + 可单 + 单数v.
each为adj.
eg.Each student has a book.
3.each + 单数v.
each为pron.
eg.Each has a book.
4.each放在句中，作主语的同位语，不影响主语单复数
eg.The students each have a book.
They each have a book.
5.every/no/each A + every/no/each B + 单数v.
eg.Each boy and each girl has a book.
that’s (the reason) why + 结果
这就是~的原因
that’s because + 原因
这是因为~
“adj.&adv.等级
_____________________________________________________________
原级
自己说自己，谁也不跟谁比
特征词：very,quite,too,enough,so,as~as
_____________________________________________________________
比较级
两者比较，句中有than
特征词：a lot=much=far,a little=a bit=a little bit,even,still
公式：A is 比较级 than B
_____________________________________________________________
最高级
三者或三者以上比较，句中有范围
公式：主语 be the 最高级 + 范围
_____________________________________________________________
特例
1.A is as 原级 as B.
A 和 B 一样~
2.A is not as 原级 as B
=A is not so 原级 as B
=A is less 长单词 than B
=B is more 长单词 than A
_____________________________________________________________
最高级常用句型
1.A is the 最高级 + of/among/in短语
eg.Bob is the tallest boy in our school.
2.one of the + adj.最高级 + 可复 +in/of短语
~是最~的~之一
eg.Shanghia is one of the biggest cities in China.
3.the + 序数词 + adj.最高级 + 可单
第几个最~的
eg.It is the second best club in the city.
4.the + 最高级,A,B or C?
哪一个最~
eg.Who runs fastest,Tom,Bob or Jim？
这里fast是副词，省略the
_____________________________________________________________
比较级常用句型
1.比较级 + than
2.倍数/程度 + 比较级 + than
eg.This room is four times bigger than that one.
eg.I am three years older than you.
3.the +adj.比较级 + of the two/twins/parents
4.比较级 + and + 比较级(more and more + 长单词)
5.the + 比较级，the + 比较级.
6.比较级，A or B？
_____________________________________________________________
比较级表示最高级
同一范围
A is 比较级 than any other + 可单 + 范围
=A is 比较级 + than (any of) the other + 可复 + 范围
eg.China is larger than any other country in Asia.
=China is larger than (any of) the other countrys in Asia.
不同范围
比较级 than any + 可单
eg.China is larger than any country in Africa.
否定词与比较级连用
No + n.+ is/are + 比较级 than A + 范围
eg.No country is larger than china.
eg.I have never seen a better movie than that one.
_____________________________________________________________
最高级的范围
in
介词in表示环境/地点范围，通常用于在一定范围内的比较，后面常常接表示区域、时间、单位、组织、团体等要领的名词或代词，并且后面的名词和主语不是同一概念的范畴
The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.
of
1. “”of the+基数词(+名词复数)””结构，指的是具体数目中，表示””……个之中最””
Peter is the oldest boy of the three boys.
2. “”of all, of all+(the)+名词复数，of all+one’s+名词复数””结构表示””其中之最””
He’s the most intelligent of all the students.
“ the + 序 + to do sth
eg. the first to come is …
live up to~
活到~
before
1.单独出现用现在完成时
eg. I have never been to Yokohama before.
2.before + 加时间
点看情况用时态
3.before + 加从句
看情况用时态
forget sb/sth /doing / to do
leave sb /sth + 地点状语
do sth successfully = succeed in doing sth ~也不
宾格，neither
= Neither / Nor + 动 + 主格
= 主格 + 动（否）, either
eg. Me，neither
= Neither will I.
= I won’t ,either.
~也是
宾格，too
= so + 动 + 主格
= 主格 + 动,too
eg.Me too.
= So have I.
= I have,too.
be in a mess =be messy have been to 曾去过已回来（瞬）
have gone to 去了没回来
have been in / at / 地点副词（去了不知道有没有回来，延）
the + 序 + 最高级 + 可单
第几最…的…
a / an + 最高级 = very …
非常…
表语：该单单该复复，无连字符
eg. thirty meters wide
定语：有连字符，用单数
thirty-meter wide
名词后有定语，要看定语中动词与主体名词的关系
eg. I have pen to write with.
I have paper to write on.
比较双方都有定语修饰时，单数用that，复数用those代替
eg. The picture on my wall is more beautiful than that on yours.
The flowers in my garden are nicer than those in yours . 人口做主语，动词用单数
be a good example to sb. compete with sb
= have a competition with sb.
carry + 重物(一般无方向 )
bring me/here 带来
take to/away 带走
fetch 去取回 go,get,bring back
have influence on 对…有影响 have something to do with 与…有关 选择疑问句
1. 一般疑问句，or + 另一选项 eg. Are you a boy, or a girl?
2. 特殊疑问句，一选项or + 另一选项 eg. Which color do you like ,blue or red?
any other + 可单 fail in + 名
= fail + 名
fail to do
eg.fail in the exam
= fail the exam
= fail to pass the exam
had better do
would like to do Neither of 做主语动词用可单可复
瞬间动词否定句可以与延续性时间连用
what do you like about …?
你喜欢…的什么？
adj. lovely
adj.&adv. early
adj. lively
upper body 上半身
山川异域，风月同天。
Though miles apart,we are under the same sky. be ( not ) willing to do
（不）情愿做某事
weigh + 重量
weigh + 人/物
据说
People say that …
They say that …
It’s said that …
主 + be + said to do / be doing / have done take care to do 注意…
allow用法相当于advise
allow doing
allow sb (not) to do
sb be allowed to do
use sth to do sth match A with B yuan & yin
元与日元不可数 thanks for 感谢，当面说话
thanks to + 名/代 幸亏
why don’t you do sth ? start / finish doing teach sbself = learn by oneself the
beauty of take after = look similar to so .. that / such… that
+结果状语从句，后有 it / them
too ..to / not… enough 为简单句 ，后无it / them
eg. The suit was not cheap enough that he can’t buy.
= The suit was too expensive for him to buy.
= The suit was so expensive that he can’t buy it.
a very + adj + 可单
= quite +a/an +adj .+ 可单
cloth 布料
a piece of cloth
clothes衣服
clothing 为衣服统称
every + 可单 = all the +可复 立刻，马上
in a minute
= in a second
= right now
= at once
= immediately
比较双方都有定语修饰时，单数用that，复数用those代替 make preparation for
= prepare for
= get ready for
join + 组织
take part in + 活动
attend + 小型聚会
in turn 作为交换
in return 作为回报
criticize / praise for
因…批评/鼓励
do nothing but do 只做… look up sth in the dictionary/ yellow pages 查找 pay
attention to sth/ doing by doing 通过做某事，提问用how English -speaking
countries 讲英语的国家
spoken English 英语口语 回答反意疑问句
1.答实际情况
2.写yes，no
be worried about
be nervous about “finish doing 翻译成””~完””” have a report / talk 听报告 sound
+ adj
sound like + n./pron
look, smell, taste, feel与 sound 用法相同
( in order ) to do sth
<=> (in order ) not to do sth
= so as not to do sth
by 前后单词都为相同的单数形式，by 表连续，反复
eg. little by little, year by year probably > maybe / possibly
很可能 可能 不定代词做先行词只能用that，定从不做主语that可省略
eg. You can become better by reading something ( that ) you enjoy every day.
expression on one’s face do sth for the first time be patient with … the
secret to doing sth
= the secret of doing
= the secret to n.
keep a secret 保密
do sth in secret 暗地里做某事
do sth a lot = often do sth write e-mails to sb
= write sb. e-mails
手势 gestures
表情 expression on face
肢体语言 body language
do sth on your own = do sth by yourself most/all/none of + the + 名 / 代词宾格
be afraid of sth/sb/doing 一惯害怕
be afraid to do 特定情况不敢做某事
be afraid (that) … 恐怕 vice - president 副主席 because of + 名/代 不必
1.don’t have to do
2.don’t need to do
3.needn’t do times 次数，倍数 have/ take/show (great) interest in … v. recite
n. recitation
v. recite
n. recitation
背诵
face …
= be in the face of …
incease to … 增加到
increase by … 增加了 do sth at a speed of enough + 可复/不可 定语
1.n.
an apple tree
2. adj.
a clever boy
3. prep.
the boy in a hat
4. adv.
the boy over there
5. to do.
have a pen to write with
6. doing.
learning skill
7.定从
the boy who is smiling
join sb. in doing sth 1. get sb. to do sth 让某人做某事
2. get sth. done eg. get your hair cut
①让…被别人做 eg. get your ears pierced
②强调遭受不幸 eg. Tony got his leg broken
3. get sb /sth +adj eg. The homework gets everyone tired.
4. get sb. doing 让…一直… I need a person to talk to.
The man has no house to live in .
I have no paper to write on.
最后的介词表明了宾语与主语的关系
be born in / at + 地点
be born with…
be born in/on/at + 时间
born adj. 天生的 eg. he is a born poet 他天生是诗人 the ability in doing
the ability of doing
the ability to do
主语从句做主语，动词用单数 have … in common with sb/sth connect A to B
把A接在B上
connect A with B get tired of
be tired of 延续
invent 从无到有
discover 从未知到已知
create 创造，创建，产生，建立
create + 抽象/精神上…
包含兴趣，爱好，艺术或文学作品人物
宾语从句中 what = all that keep doing 一直做某事（持续做）
Keep sb. doing 让某人一直…（持续做）
keep on doing ( 反复做）
keep + adj = stay + adj explain sth to sb. 不定代词 someone , something …
1.动词用单数
2.不定代词 + adj + to do
3.人 his/ their 物 its/ their the connection between A and B review
1.review of … 对…的回顾/评价
eg. a review of a year
2.get sth new by review 温故而知新
双重所有格
a relative of 名物/sb’s
a friend of 名物/sb’s steal sth from sb./ sp.
=rob sb/sp of sth punish/admire/praise/blame sb. for sth. tie A to B 把A绑在B上
be haunted 闹鬼的 lie in/at/on …
eg. the tower lies on the small farm
the … eve = the eve of … the death of … do sth on business 因公做某事
<=>do sth for fun
It’s none of one’s business 不关…的事
warn sb. of/about sth.
warn sb. (not) to do sth.
warn (sb.) that ~
v.warn n.warning
eg. warn Tom of/about about danger
eg. warn Tom not to smoke too much
eg. The doctor warns Tom that if he still smoke, he’ll have an unhealthy life.
现在 now = at present = at the moment the spread of … when / how / where / why
疑问副词 引导 to do 不定式要有宾语
what to do = how to do it / them suggest to sb that… keep in touch with sb
与…保持联络
get in touch with sb 与…建立联络 中国人特有的节日加 the 询问看法
1. what do you think of … ?
= How do you feel about /like？
答：（按喜好等级排）
I love…
I like…
I don’t mind…
I don’t like…
I can’t stand/bear …
2. what do you like ( best ) about …?
你喜欢… 的什么方面？
答： I love / like .. . I think … (描述喜欢原因)
play a trick/joke on sb. A be similar to B. A与B相似
A be the same as B. A与B相同
<=> A be different from B. A与B不同
=A differ from B
=There are differences between A and B
the + adj + people = the + adj throw sth at sb. 目的是击中
throw sth to sb. 目的是对方接住 a time for doing sth. = a time to do sth put sth
in the correct / right order return to sp. 回到某地 = come/go/ get/ be back to
sp.
return sth to sb 归还 = give back sth. to sb.
find it adj to do have trouble doing too … to/not enough to 简单句，无宾语
so… that 主从复合句，有宾语
catch up with 赶上（瞬）
keep up with ( 延 )
<=> fall behind
high / low marks / scores force sb . to do sth. manage to do = try and succeed
in doing 设法做到 have a point 有道理 give sb. a handshake = shake hands with sb
. nice to meet you 开始
nice seeing to you 告别
keep sth. a secret admire / praise / punish / blame / criticize sb/sth for sth.
具体到某天某时候用on in the shape / size / color of carry sth. to sb
携带某物给某人
承载着
most people = most of the people
do sth. forever refuse to do = disagree to do <=> agree to do give 双宾语动词
share sth. with … be afraid of doing 一贯
be afraid to do 一次 when 引导时间状语从句主将从现 How + adj + 主（有the） + 动
what + adj + 可复/不可 think/believe + 知道的事实（陈述句）
don’t know /wonder + 疑问句
宾语从句
一个句子-> 宾语
一、宾语
1. n. I have a pen
2. pron. I love you
3.宾语从句 I love what you love
二、引导词
1.由（that）引导陈述句 陈述句/否定句
2.由if/whether 引导一般疑问句
3.由what 等引导的特殊疑问句
三、时态
1.主现从随便（当主句为一般现在，一般将来，现在完成时，从句用需要的任意时态）
2.主过从过（当主句为一般过去时，从句用相应的过去时态）
3.不守规矩（当从句为真理、客观事实、格言、谚语时，永远用一般现在时态）
四、语序：陈述语序
时态倒移规律：
1）见到现在变过去（一般现在->一般过去）；现在完成->过去完成；现在进行时->过去进行时）
2）没有现在就把一般变过去（一般将来->过去将来）
3）当从句原本就为一般过去时，当主从句动作紧接着发生，保留一般过去式；当主从句动作时间间隔较大，从句需时态倒移为过去完成
light - lit - lit
light - lighted - lighted 可做定语 dress up as 打扮成…
dress up like 打扮地像 take sb around sp
带某人在…游览/走一下/看看
A means B
A的意思是B
play a trick/joke on sb.
v. joke = v. kid mean
1.What do you mean by…?
2.What’s the meaning of…? think about 考虑
think of 想到 时间状语从句，主句和从句主语一致
when/after/before 从句可省略为when/after/before doing
change sb way/mind to do end up with 以…结尾
end up like 像…结束
end up doing 以做某事结尾 be expected to do sth 被期待做某事 take sb back to
remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事/使某人想起某事
= make sb remember sth
remind sb to do sth
decide to do sth
= make a decision to do
= make up one’s mind to do
= be determined to do sth
<=> change one’s mind to do sth
许下诺言做某事 promise to do treat sb with + 态度 meaningful adj 有意义的 <=>
meaningless 句中有地点状语时，可地点状语置句首，主谓完全倒装
eg. The bus comes here -> Here comes the bus
相同的部分只说一遍，不同的部分被连词连接
both A and B
not only A but also B
either A or B
neither A nor B
not only 倒装先把not only 引到句首，引出助动词，还原实意动词
当动作执行者和承受者是同一人时，用反身代词 感叹句
1.What + a/an + 形 + 可单 + 动
2.What + 形 + 可复/不可 + 动
3.How adj/adv + 主（the+ n/代） + 动 beside = next to
besides,除…外,还有 except，除了…（不包括）
Besides,…不仅如此，… = also… = what’s more… pardon = pardon me = I beg
your pardon
n. beggar 乞丐 rush
v.
rush to sp
rush to do
n.
do sth in a rush/hurry
suggest
一、建议
n.suggestion(s)
suggestions = advice
1.suggest sth to sb 向某人建议某事
2.suggest doing sth 建议做某事
3.suggest (that) 宾从（虚拟语气：（should）do sth）
eg. The teacher suggest (that) Tom(should) do the job.
= The teacher suggest Tom do the job.
原型前省略了should
二、暗示，表明（主语一般为事物，不是人）
1.suggest sth
eg.Her pale face suggested bad health.(pale 苍白）
2. suggest (that)
eg.The expressions on his face suggested (that) he was angry
in the center/centre/middle of
middle>center
问路：婉转 Could ，please ,Excuse me
1. Where’s …? (the 指最近的，如where’s the toilet？）
2.Is there a/an …near here?
3.Which is the way to …?
4.How can I get to..?
5.Could you please tell me the way to …?
上句式可用宾从婉转，如could you please tell me…?
6.Could you please tell me where…is?(the)
7.Do you know if /whether there is a …near here(or not)?
8.I wonder which is the way to…? = I wonder which the way to…is.
9.I want to know how I can get to…? a crowd of people 一群人
A be crowded with B A挤满了B（人） 被动语态
A be filled with B A 充满/填满 了B 被动语态
= A be full of B 系表结构
It’s convenient for sb to do sth corner
at the corner of the road 在马路的拐角
in the corner of + 空间 在…的角落里
on the corner of + 有平面物体（如map），在…的边角上 It’s polite/impolite of sb
to do sth
修饰人的态度用of
动 + in the direction of sb/sth correct
adj. correct = right
v. 改正，纠正 correct the mistakes
whom
1.人后用who，事后用which，地点后用where，通用that（定从）
2.
在定语从句中，关系代词who既可当主格，又可当宾格，而whom只可做宾格
但当直接放在介词后面时，必须用whom
eg. The baby (who/whom) Tom is looking after is Sunnys’s .
= The baby after whom Tom is looking is Sunnys’s
what’s your address? = where do you live? v. pass = 动 + past = pass by
eg. pass the bank = go past the bank 跟边有关系全用on
on one’s right (side) = on the right (side)
turn right/left at the first turning(T)/crossing(十)
= take the first turning on the left/right
= take the left turning at the first turning
第一个路口左/右转
need
实义动词
1.needs/needed
2.need sb/sth/to do sth
3.don’t/doesn’t/didn’t
4.need doing = need to be done 表被动
不必：sb needn’t do = sb don’t need to do = sb don’t have to do
情态动词（只用于否定句）->needn’t do
excited
be excited about sth
be excited to do
be excited that… shout to sb
shout at sb 不礼貌 描述外表 be + adj
描述性格 have + n. 现在进行时表将来
1.位置转移
2.表按计划或安排将要发生的事 used to be/do
1.often did
2.don’t do it now/anymore
描述头发
一长短，二曲直，三颜色
eg.short straight yellow hair
long straight black hair bald adj. 光头 in the past = in the old days
必用一般过去时-> did
in the past + 段时间
必用现在完成时->have/has done
am not = ain’t in class 在课上 in the classroom 在教室 be brave enough to do sth
get good grades in + 科目 It is/has been + 段时间 + since + 过去时从句
自从…已经…时间了 表一类
1.名词复数
2.the + 可单
3.A/An + 可单 interview sb about sth 采访
interview sb for the job 面试 dare to do sth
don’t/doesn’t/didn’t dare to do
= daer not do sth
(发现了吗，跟need一个操作)
not…any more = 句中/句尾 no more explain sth to sb 解释某事给某人听
explain （that）+ 宾从 like + sb/sth /doing
for example, + sb/sth/doing
such as, + sb/sth/doing
be careful of/about sth
be careful to do
be careful that… be prepared to do sth = be ready to do sth be/stay/keep + adj
强调状态
继续
动词+on
=go on doing
eg. fight on
= go on fighting
require sth to do sth
= need sth to do sth
a number of … 动词用复数
the number of + 可复 + 动单 be born with + n.
be born + adj. free = spare 定语
= available 表语 sth be helpful to sb Think back 回忆 be out to do sth
= be out for sth
= try to do sth
= try one’s best to do sth 设法努力
value one’s time to do sth
珍惜某人时间做某事 fail sth
= fail in sth be absent from…
= miss… seldom,rarely,hardly前否后肯反义疑问句 have an influence
have a great/strong influence look over 医生检查身体
=examine look up 查字典，向上看
look down 鄙视，向下看 A be satisfied/pleased with B.
A对B满意 It’s hard to believe that…
难以置信 come to do sth
来做某事 finally
= in the end
= eventually
= lastly advise sb to do sth
advise doing
advise sb about sth 在某方面给某人建议
suggest doing
suggest sth to sb
suggest (that)…(should) do
have a communication with sb
= communicate with sb a pair of gloves 一副手套
a pair of scissors 可复/不可 + crowd + sth
= sth is crowded with + 可复 “宾语从句 语序特例
“ use A instead of B effort 努力 n.[c]
make an effort to do sth as well as ~= with
以及，不影响主语单复数 and 并列 ，so 因果，but 转折, or 选择 be judged 评头论足
after + 一段时间
= 一段时间 + later
用过去式
tell
1.告诉
①tell sb sth
= tell sth to sb
②tell sb about sth
③tell sb to do
④tell sb + 宾从
2.tell sb a story 讲
tell sb the turth
tell sb a lie
3.区分/辨别
tell A from B
= tell the differences between A and B
现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成（tense时态）
现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动（voice语态） be made of 能看到原材料
be made from 看不到原材料
be made into 被制成
be made in/at + 地点/时间 情 + be + done eg. The floor can be cleaned by ZiJie.
to + be + done eg. The floor needs to be cleaned. overcome the difficulties
克服困难 not only A but also B 就近原则
both A and B 动词用复数 district 行政区 据说
They/People say that…
=It is said that…
=主 be said to do/have done/be doing refer to… 指的是 so & such
1.so adj a/an + 可单 = such a/an adj + 可单
2.such + 普通形容词+ 可复/不可
3.so + 多多少少 + 可复/不可
many/much/few/little make sb remember = remind sb of sth 时状从
when
after
before
as soon as
not…until
时态
主将从现
主现从现
主过从过 动词 + against
eg. stand against the blackboard
be against 反对 <=> be for realize + that n.[u] 有丰富的…经验
have much/a lot experience of…
n.[c] 有一次…的经历
have a/an …experience
v. 经历某事 experience sth
询问看法
What do you think of…?
= How do you like …?
= How do you feel about…? each 强调每一个个体
every 强调所有 turn to sb
向某人求助 1538
3607
8045
8005
8844.43
Q & A
1,5|3-8 one thousand five hundred and thirty-eight
3,6|0-7 three thousand six hundred and seven
8,0|4-5 eight thousand and fourty-five
8,0|0-5 eight thousand and five
8,8|4-4.43 eight thousand eight hundred and forty-four point four three
at + 速度/温度/价格
eg. at a high/low speed of 50 km/h
eg. at a high temperature/heat
eg. at a high/low price 被动语态 by them 与 by people 常被省略 “小品词
“ ‘s
Q & A
“
可以指代 “”is””,””has””,””us””,””的””
不能指代””was””!!!!!!
“ 主动变被动步骤
1.找出承受者做主语
2.找出动词变被动（先看时态）
3.先词组，再by sb（宾格），先地点，后时间
eg. Tom cleans the floor every day.
=> The floor is cleaned by Tom every day
被动语态特例
—————————————————————————
1.双宾语动词
to : give sb sth = give sth to sb
for : buy sb sth = buy sth for sb
eg. Mother gave Tianjiao some books yesterday.
人做主语 => Tianjiao was given some books by Mother yesterday.
物做主语 => Some books were given to Tianjiao by Mother yesterday.
—————————————————————————
2. 一贯的情况用主动
一次的情况用被动
eg. The jeans wash well. 一贯
My jeans were washed by Mother last night. 一次
eg. This knid of pens writes well. 一贯
The book was written by LuXun in 1936. 一次
—————————————————————————
3.need/want to be done 实义动词
= need/want/require doing
没有require to be done这种用法
for + 一段时间必用现在完成时 about … = around… = …or so
kind/pair/sort/type 影响主语单复数 easy <=> difficult/hard
simple <=> complex be used for doing = be used to do 被用来 close v.[z] close
the door,the door is closed
close adj.[s] be close to…
百分数或分数做主语，单复数取决于后面名词 不可数名词作主语，动词一定用单数
宾从语序
who
只有who，who主语
有其他人，其他人主语
what
只有what，what主语
有其他物，其他物主语
which
只有which，which主语
有其他物，其他物主语
the style of with pleasure 帮忙前
my pleasure 帮忙后
adj. pleased 人
adj. pleasant 事，物 a list of + 可复 mention sth to sb boiled cold water 凉开水
remaining 剩余物= rest translate/turn/change A into B sudden death 猝死
do sth suddenly = do sth all of a sudden by 后一般加单数名词 slippers 拖鞋 eg.
1849
in the 19th century 在19世纪
in the 1840s 在19世纪40年代 spread sth to sp know something/nothing/a
lot/much/most about sth in + 季节 无冠词
特例
1.有天气描写 in a cold winter
2.有年份 in the winter of 2019 teach sb to do sth 有time的词组全用at
with后举例用doing sth
eg. kun ran fast ,with a dog chasing / running after him in the + 方向 + of =
forward have problem/difficult/trouble (in) doing [vi] listen to… not only A
but also B 就近原则 be surprised at
be surprised to do safety <=> danger
be in danger
the safety of
safe <=> dangerous
be adj = be of n.
eg.be safe = be of safety
part-time <=>full-time [vt] pierce sth
get/have sth done
扎耳洞 get/have one’s ears pierced in the field 在田野中 give sb a hug = hug sb
hugs hugging hugged badly
1.be badly hurt/ill/sick
2.cough badly/seriously/terribly
3.bad/badly/ill - worse - worst talk back to sb regret
1.regretting regretted
2.regret doing 后悔做了…
regret not doing 后悔没做…
3.regret to do 后悔要去做，抱歉要去做
eg. I regret to say I can’t go to your party. poet n.诗人
poem n. 诗，具体指一首
poetry n. 诗歌，指所有诗 keep sb/sth away from sb/sth
≈ stay away from sb/sth chance
1.a chance = an opportunity
2.have a chance to do sth 拥有一个机会…
3.get a chance to do sth 获得一个机会…
4.take a/the chance to do sth 抓住一个机会… choice v. choose to do = make a
choice to do educate sb to do sth manage to do sth
= try and succeed in doing sth
manager 经理 n. society
adj. social enter = v. + into
多为 came into ,go into,get into
n.入口 entrance <=> exit
the entrance/exit to sp
an entrance an exit from a young age 从小 get sb to do sth 使某人做某事
被动->get/have sth done
have sb do sth choose sb + 职位 pay respect to sb pay respect to sb = respect sb
from now on = in future say to oneself 自言自语
think to oneself 自己寻思 for + (many)+ 表时间复数词
eg. 数年 for many years = for years 插入语
1.插在疑问词后
2.插入语后必用陈述语序 agree with sb
agree to + 另一方意见
agree on + 达成的共识 穿戴
1.put on 强调动作<=> take off
2.wear 强调状态
be wearing…= wear…
3.be in 强调状态
be in + 颜色+（clothes）
4.have on 强调状态，无进行时态
eg. She has on a dress today.
5.dress sb/oneself
dress oneself = get dressed 表许多时
a lot of / lots of 多用于肯定句
many,much 多用于否定句，疑问句 the right to do sth 做…的权力
n.[c]权利 owe sb sth 欠某人某物 invite sb to do/sp
v. o. 宾补 not only A but also B 动词就近原则
= not only A but B 动词就近原则
= not only A but B as well 动词就近原则
both A and B 动词复数
be against sth/doing 反对…
介词 be likely to do sth 很可能做某事
adj. should do sth 应该做某事
should have done (过去)本应该~ ,表示应该但没做
eg. You should have come to school earlier.
过去分词
shouldn’t have done (过去)不应该做但做了
eg. You shouldn’t have been late for school. 你本不应该迟到
被定从修饰的词是先行词
当先行词既有人又有物时只能用that
定从时态随便
——————————————————————————
定从关系代词用法：
1. 人后用 who（主/宾格）( whom 宾格 )
2.事/物后用 which 主/宾格
3.通用用 that, 不能再非限制性定语从句中使用
4.只要关系代词不作主语就可以省略
——————————————————————————
定语从句关系副词
1.时间后用when
2.地点后用where
3. 原因后用why
关系副词=介词+关系代词
when = in/on/ at which
where = in / at which
why = for which
eg. This is the place where(=in which) my parents lived.
先行词 S vi.
——————————————————————————
在表示所属关系时用whose 表达人/物的所属关系
eg. The room whose windows are very big is mine.
= The room the windows of which are very big is mine.
在前否定
①think,believe,guess,suppose,expect
②主语为第一人称(we，I)
③反义疑问句从句为准
eg.I don’t believe he will come , will he ?
be supposed to do sth = should do sth learn sth/nothing from sb keep词组
1.keep + n. 饲养 eg. keep pigs
2.keep + adj. 保持…的状态 eg. keep happy
3.keep sb/oneself + adj 保持某人…的状态
4.keep doing 一直（不停地）做某事 eg. keep running
5.keep on doing 反复做某事 eg. keep on making the same mistake
6.keep sb doing eg. keep the house running
7.keep sb from doing 阻止某人做某事
8.keep sb/sth (away) from sb/sth afford sth
afford to buy/pay for… 刮大风blow strongly
下大雨/雪 rain/snow hard/heavily once 引导时间状语从句时翻译成一旦，主将从现
belong to sb = be sb’s
eg. It must belong to Carla = It must be Carla’s
表猜测时，情态动词过去式不表过去，表示可能性更小 特殊疑问句从后往前翻
eg. Whose book is this? 这是谁的书？ 表猜测
must be probably true
might/could be possibly true
can’t be not true v. attend
n.
v. attend
n. attendance
have/take sth/sb with sb 随身携带/带某人同行
只有have 能用作延续性动词 at + 小型聚会名称
eg. at the picnic/party/meeting/wedding/debate the rest of 剩余人或事物
the rest of 做主语时，动词的单复数取决于它后面所修饰的名词 sth fit/suit sb
well/fine 适合某人 only +
介，副，时间状语用在句首时引起主谓不完全倒装（be情助到主语前）
eg. Only then will I have a chance to achive my dream. be on a diet
= go/keep on a diet
= keep to a diet
节食
n. loss v.lose
be at a loss 不知所措
= don’t know what to do
judge sb by…以…了判断某人 动词+ forward
向前…
eg. push forward 往前推
forward
adv. 向前地
adj. 向前的
v. 发送，转寄，提出
n. 前锋
forward sb sth
= forward sth to sb
forward a request
say + 说话内容+ to
eg. say hello/goodbye to became terrified/scared of sth in real time
立刻，立即，即时的 take sb/sth as an example 以…为例 do sth for sure
很确定地做某事 evidence n.根据; 证明; 证据; (法庭上的) 证据，证词，人证，物证
v.证明; 表明; 作为…的证据
a UFO [ju:]
an upside down picture
a university for + n. 表目的
to do 不定式= in order to 表目的 定从先行词有only/最高级/序数词
时，关系代词只能是that risk one’s life 冒生命危险 only too … to …
非常…去…
eg. I’m only too happy to help you.
belong to + 名词(短语)或代词宾格
to为介词
一般不用于进行时和被动 last adv. 上次，最近的一次，最后一次
用于句末或句中
attend 正式用语，侧重会议、婚礼、典礼、上课、上学、报告等 join + 组织
,意为参军、入党、入团”
join sb in doing 加入某人做…
take part in + 活动 take an active part in 积极参加 one of the 最高级 + 可复
最…的…之一
anybody 用于否定/疑问句中
肯定句相当于 any person 强调任何人
set
1.套 a set of key
2. set the clock
3.日落 sun set ancient (有年代的 )古代的
≠ old 旧的 something interesting = interesting things too 肯定句，句尾
also 肯定句，句中
either 否定句，句尾 表语从句that不省略 我对祖国的热爱 My love for the country.
the position of … do sth. for a while 做…一会儿 honor sb. 纪念某人 sth.
happen to sb 某事发生在某人身上 disease [ c ] 疾病 前否后肯反义疑问句的回答
1.先在后写实际情况 2.再向前根据实际情况写yes/no
Tom is not a boy , is he ?
- Yes , he is . possibility 可能性/可能发生的事 n. sunrise 日出 sunset 日落 a
type/ kind / sort of +…
kind of = a little /bit
各种各样的 all kinds of
许多不同种类的 many different kinds of 有最高级必须有范围 ( in / of / have
(ever) done ) talk on the phone to sb. 与某人在电话上交谈 fallen upon hard times
陷入困境
=get into problems/trouble 强调句公式 : It is / was + 被强调部分 + that +
剩余部分
eg. I did my homework at home last Saturday.
我->It was I that did my homework at home last Saturday.
作业->It was my homework that I did at home last Saturday.
在家->It was at home that I did my homework last Saturday.
当划掉It is/was 与that 后还是完整句子时为强调句而非主语从句
take in 吸收 available 可购买到的，有空的，可获得的 at one time 曾经/一度
at a time 一次，每次 cleanly 有爱干净的意思 break this habbit 改掉这个恶习
aholics / oholics 后缀 aholics / oholics 为后缀，表示着迷
eg. workaholics 工作狂
eg. alcoholic 酒鬼
eg. talkaholics 话唠 pull sb. away from … 使某人从…脱身 countless
adj.无数的; 数不胜数的; 数不尽的
tend to do sth 倾向于做某事 1. preferring preferred
2. prefer A to B = like A better than B
3. prefer doing A to doing B
4. prefer to do sth 更喜欢做某事，不与别的比较
5 . prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A而不愿做B
= would rather do A than do B
= would do A rather than do B
stick to sth/doing
to为介词 出发
start 动身
set out
set off survive the earthquake 从地震中幸存 read + 有内容的~ 及时做某事
do sth. just in time
=be just in time for sth
=be just in time to do sth in the city of Qing Dao = in Qing Dao 先地点后时间
make sb recall sth. hide sth. from sb. Reading makes a full man. benefit a lot
from …受益匪浅 As a famous saying goes… 正如一句谚语所说… be eager to do
sth. 急于做某事 within + 时间/地点 在…内
within<=>out of take control of 取得对…的控制 双宾语动词无宾语用被动 find -
found - found 找
found - founded - founded 建立 customs 某个地区长期以来形成的习惯
custom = habit 某人个人习惯 value one’s time to do sth. get mad at sb/sth. be
worth doing 表示被动
be worth + 钱数
be worth + 能换到的物品 bow to sb. = make / take a bow to sb. shake sb. by the
hand = shake hands with sb to one’s + 表示情感的名词
令某人…的是…
常见表示情感的名词
excitement
surprise
joy as + 原级 + 名词 + as + sb . can
as + 原级 + 名词 + as + possible
eg. I will learn knowledge as much as we can.
=I will learn as much knowledge as we can. avoid sth / doing wear a suit and tie
穿西服打领带 clean sth. off sp.
eg. clean the chalk off the blackboard 当 way 前有this、that、the 时，前面的in
可省略 结果是
turn out to be
turn out to do at the table
at table at the table 在饭桌旁
at table 在吃饭 be (well) worth doing make oneself done (多用 seen / heard /
understand ) 使自己被
= make other people do ( see /hear/ understand ) summary n. 总结 Let’s have a
summary.
summarize v. 总结，概况 term 1.学期 2.术语 3.期限 be comfortable doing 出现
turn up
appear
show up be full of imagination was / were 不能缩写 so + 动 + 主
…也…
so + 主 + 动
…的确…
eg. Alice is back from Beijing.
- So she is , and so are her parents.
她的确回来了，她的父母也是。
感官动词被动还原 to
see sb do ->被 sb be seen to do take office 上任 make词组
1. make+名词(翻译)eg. make tea/coffee/dumplings/money
2. make sb + 名词 使某人成为…
3. make sb ( feel ) + 形
4. make sb. do sth 迫使某人做某事
5. be made to do
6. make oneself done(seen/heard/understood) 让自己被… 1. drive sb. crazy/mad
2. drive sb. to do be wealthy = have a lot of wealth kick sb. off = kick off sb.
= fire sb. be in agreement with sb . 同意… ship
做后缀：关系、情况、状态、身份、职位、资格
eg. relationship ; partnership ; membership ; hardship ; friendship as pale as
chalk 面如死灰 examine = look over 检查身体 明天最好的准备是做好今天。 The best
preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today. the Summer Palace 颐和园
the Palace Museum 故宫 on the shoulder 在肩膀上 en 前缀
使…有…
eg. encourage enable nod one’s head
nod 分词
Q & A
nod nodded nodding rather > pretty 十分，相当
rather 褒，贬
pretty 褒 n . fame
adj . famous besides = also = what’s more = in addition to sth/doing be strict
with sb. in sth 褒，严格
be hard on sb 贬，苛刻 连词：相同的部分说一遍，不同的部分用连词连接 应该
1. should do
2. be expected to do
3. be supposed to do
4. ought to do be in agreement with sb
do sth in agreement with sb get to know sb 慢慢了解某人 do sth. with courage
怀着勇气做某事 tense n. 时态
adj. 紧张的
如此…以致于
主从复合句
so (主)… that + 结果状从
such (主)… that + 结果状从
简单句，句中有for sb
( not ) ~ enough
too ~ to
so that & so~that : so that 目的状语从句，句中有情态动词 call in sb. to sp. be
sure of / about
be sure to do
be sure that
be sure 强调状态
make sure 强调动作 以here / there
开头，并且主语为普通名词（短语）时要用完全倒装,即ABC->CBA
eg. The bus comes here. -> Here comes the bus .
eg. The bell goes there.-> There goes the bell.
以here / there 开头，主语为代词，把here / there 放到句首倒装(CAB)即可
eg.We go here. -> Here we go.
常见动词
1. be eg. There be …
2. 位置转换 eg. come , go
3. 与位置有关的 eg. stand , lie to one’s + 情感名词
eg.to one’s joy/excitement…
加强
much/greatly to one’s + 情感名词
to one’s great + 情感名词 do sth on purpose 故意做某事
<=> do sth by accident
= do sth by chance
= do sth accidentally
= sb. happen to do go on a diet 开始节食
be on a diet 正在节食
keep (on) a diet 保持节食 explain sth. to sb 非双宾语，没有explain sb sth
n. explanation
an explanation nod to show one’s agreement 点头表示同意 want to do 想要做某事
want doing 被动 1. feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
= would like to do
= want to do
2. 感觉像… feel like sb/sth/that …
eg. He feels like a kid. =He feels like he is a kid cried for 目的
cried for 原因
cried for purpose find something wrong with complain to sb. about sth. replace
sb/sth 代替
replace vt. It’s + adj. + that + 主从
= It’s + n. + that + 主从 regret / prefer 分词
Q & A
regret regretting regretted
prefer preferring preferred tragedy
comedy tragedy 悲剧 [c]
comedy 喜剧 [c] miss
1.想念
2.错过 miss sb/sth /doing fable n.寓言; 寓言故事; 谎言; 不实之词; 无稽之谈
v.讲故事; 编寓言; 虚构; 杜撰; 煞有介事地讲
As for ~
至于 ~ 赢
1. win the game
2. beat sb reply to sb. = answer sb do sth without saying another word
= do sth without another word be strict with sb. in sth. 褒义 possibly = maybe =
perhaps < probably cooperation 合作n. the reason why
the reason for (that )
the reason for (which ) … support each other 互相支持 next week
用于将来时态，下一个周
the next/following week 过去时态，当时的下一个周 go to sth.
= go to do sth
eg. go to the meeting
= go to attend the meeting keep an eye on… 留意… be close to sb./sth. /
doing A and A …
A 啊 A
A and B
边A边B There be + 主 doing
主语是动作的发出者用doing
eg. There is a girl reading.
There be + 主 to do
主语是动作承受者用to do
eg. There is a lot at home work to do. 出现 for+时间/since / How long
必用现完与延续性动词 get engaged 订婚
get divorced 离婚 get / have sth. done
= get sb. to do sth.
= have sb. do sth so far / by now / up to now / up till now / up to the present
day
必用现完 a loss of oxygen to ~
缺氧 put away 把…收好
take away 拿走
throw away 扔掉 be (well) worth doing sth. react to sb
回应某人 generally speaking 一般来说 positive <=> negative get a good
understand of ~
= understand ~ well
更好的理解~ v.count
数数
count from A to B
有意义
It is the thought that counts. represent represent = stand for
v.代表; 作为…的代言人; 维护…的利益; 等于; 相当于; 意味着
help oneself to sth
help oneself to do by the window
by the river
stand by me approach
v.(在距离或时间上) 靠近，接近; 接洽; 建议; 要求; (在数额、水平或质量上) 接近
n.(待人接物或思考问题的) 方式，方法，态度; (距离和时间上的) 靠近，接近; 接洽;
建议; 要求
approach = stay near
heading ~= moving towards ~
向~前进 catch ones attention/eyes
arouse ones interest 激起某人的兴趣 easy - going adj.
逍遥自在的，悠闲的
懒散的，不严肃的
随和的
a nation of etiquette
礼仪之邦 adv. afar 遥远的，在远处
远道而来
come from afar
= are from afar
有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎！
To meet friends from afar , how happy me are ! central processing unit
CPU shoot at ~
瞄准~
shoot ~
射中~ secretary 秘书 n.内容 content
v. contain 包括(全部)
include 包含(部分) sth. happen to sb.
happen to do sth 博物馆
Q & A
museum leave + 地点
离开~
leave for = set off for= set out for= start for
离开去往~ 在阳光下 in the sun pace n.步伐，步速 decrease increase <=>
decrease If everyone helps out a bit, we’ll have a better world to live in.
curse sb. for sth./doing sth.
因某事咒骂某人
fortunately = luckily <=> unfortunately = unluckily Barking dogs seldom bite.
wait in ( a ) line = wait in a queue
插队
v.jump the queue
n.queue jumper be sure of oneself = be confident 自信 be brave to do I had a
good idea
= I came up with a good idea
= I thought up a good idea
= a good idea come in/into my mind step stepped
do sth. step by step have a powerful effect / influence on sb .
= affect / influence sb. have a preference for 有对~的偏爱 do research on ~
interrupt 打断说话
disturb 打扰 不比~adj
not + 比较级 + than
两者都不adj
no + 比较级 + than
= as + 原级反义词 + as ~
eg. This book is no more interesting than that.
= The book is as boring as that.
表示这两本书都不有趣
eg. Jimmy is no wiser than Jim.
= Jimmy is as silly /stupid/ foolish as Jim.
表示Jimmy和Jim都不聪明
not词组单纯的否定 ； no有特殊的含义
telephone poles 电线杆 inquire v.调查；查究；审查; 询问；查问
inquire = ask questions
require 需要
night falls 夜幕降临 gate 室外大门
door 室内小门 It seemed that they drank wine.
= They seemed to have drunk wine.
It seems that Mrs Zhang is singing.
= Mrs Zhang seems to be singing.
seem to do / be doing / have done
on the return way 在归途中 sum up 总结
n.summary do something meaningful to the world
do something meaningful to the other people
do meaningful things to the world
do meaningful things to the other people make good use of … make it to the top
到达巅峰 to be honest = to tell the truth = to tell you the truth If we make a
contribution to our society , it will be~ 做出贡献 make a contribution to doing
remind sb. of sth = make sb. remember along + 具体路/有方向的
eg. go along JingShan Road
on one’s way to 就近原则
there be
or
either ~ or
nor
neither ~ nor
whether ~ or
not ~ but
not only ~ but also make sth. out of ~
用~制作 阅读中 it 指代动作用 doing just now 用过去式 stare at
长时间，目不转睛地，盯着看
≠look at do sth in disbelief 2°C two above zero
- 2°C two below zero
海平面 above sea level
eg.8848 meters above sea level burn “vi.着火
vt.烧，烧伤” over 太，过度，在外，额外
eg.
oversleep 睡过头
overwork 过度劳累，过分努力
oversized 过大的
overcoat 长大衣
overage 超龄的
alive <=> dead <=>living at the airport
接机 meet sb at the airport on workdays <=> at the weekends = on Saturdays and
Sundays show up = appear costume play = cosplay
fancy party = costume party lady <=> gentleman have a relationship with
与~有关
have a relationship with = have something to do with… be full of
系表结构，强调状态
= be filled with 强调动作与执行者 1. the + 形容词 = the + 形容词 + people
eg. the poor / rich ( people )
the young /old (people)
the disabled / sick ( people )
the homeless (people )
2. the + 形容词 = the +形容词 things take turns to do = take turns doing 轮流~
tooth brush 牙刷 强调马路本身 in the street an ugly man 名词 + en ->形容词
eg. wooden woolen take-away
takeaway take-away adj.
takeaway n. it’s cruel of sb. to do sth. be harmful to = do harm to = be bad for
<=> be good for at the top of 在顶部
on top of 上部 take ( an active ) part in + 活动
join + 组织
join sb. in doing sth turn off / on / up / down
turn off = shut off take action to do sth. inside out
upside down mention sth. to sb. be about to do
表示即将发生动作，表最近的将来，马上
不与具体时间连用，与 when 引导的时间状语连用 wait in line with sb feel adj. to
do sth . go straight to sp.
这里straight为adv. think to oneself 自己寻思 过去完成时
过去的过去
1.构成 had done
2.时间状语
①by + 过去的时间 ( by the end of )
②by the time / when / before 引导的时状从句用了一般过去时
③宾从主句为过去时，从句动作发生在主句前，宾从用过去完成 go off
1.(闹钟)响 = ring
2.离开
3.(电灯)熄灭
4.(机器)停止运行
5.(食物或饮料)变质
6.爆炸 give sb a + 名词 词组
give sb. a hand 帮某人一把
give sb. a ring 给某人打电话
give sb. a lesson 给某人上课/给某人一个教训
give sb. a chance 给某人一个机会
alive
adj.活着的，有生气的，
可作表语，后置定语，宾语补足语
作“有生气的”时，不用very，用much/very much 修饰
作表语时，可与living 互换
living
活着的
表语，定语
lively
活泼的
表语，定语 change A into B 把A变成B v./ n.+ able -> adj.
enjoyable believable than
介词
Tom like sports , more than me.
连词 + 句子
Tom like sports , more than I do . 连词后加一个句子 hard
1.努力的
2.修饰下雨雪 snow/rain hard/heavily be littered with
散落着~
eg. The floor was littered with books.
from top to bottom 从上到下，彻底的 fish 单复
指可数的鱼时，单复同形
指鱼的种类时，单：fish 复：fishes the advantage of ~ 的好处
take advantage of 利用 ~ play a part in
1.参与，参加 play a part in = take part in
2.在~起作用，在~中扮演角色 play a part in=play a role in awareness 意识 call
on 呼吁 to doing 的词组
Q & A
pay attention to doing
look forward to doing
stick to doing
be halfway to doing
be used to doing
be close to doing rumours 谣言 build A out of B 用B做出A
make A out of B 用B做出A re
1. 回，向后
return recall
2. 再，重新，重复
rethink , reuse , restart , recycle no longer … = not … any longer / anymore
在句尾
ey. Mr . Brown no longer works here .
= Mr. Brown doesn’t work here any longer / any more. rich experience 丰富的经验
have a good knowledge of … 有丰富的…知识 do sth ahead of time 提前做某事
believe in sb. = trust sb.
believe in sth.
believe + 完整句子 congratulation to sb on sth narrow escape
幸免于难、九死一生 the standard of
meet the standard of every one of …
everyone 不与of 连用 瞬
go to sp
been to sp.
arrive in sp.
延
have been in + 大
have been at + 小
have been 地点副词 separate from care much / a lot / enough about us keep one’s
cool
He keeps his cool.
do one’s homework
He does his homework. congratulate sb. on sth.
congratulations to sb. on sth .. be hungry/ thirsty for … solve
解决大问题，如污染问题，环境问题
work out 解决简单问题，如数学问题 guide sb. to do sth. put in effort 付出努力
Shall 情态动词，将、会、愿、要
1. Shall I/we…
2. shall 用于陈述句，表示一定做 eg. I shall do my homework.
3. shall 用于非第一人称表示不可避免的 eg. You shall die. look back on family
家庭，家人
house 房子
home 家，家园
room c. 房间 u.空间 = space the = this / that / these / those two + 复数
double + 单数
two stars
double star
1.亲戚朋友的家可省 house eg. her uncle’s (house)
2.公共场所的名称也可省到’s eg. the dentist’s (clinic) “” 集合名词 family, class
①表整体时动词用单数
②动作出现人或由人完成，动词复数 eg. The team are having a meting news, physics,
politics, maths
有s的单数名词，动词用单数 sports 做定语用复数 eg. sports shose the knowledge of
.. . separate A from B A is short for B
A是B的缩写 be popular with / among .. . 在…中受欢迎
eg. be popular among / with teenagers miss doing sth 错过做某事 quite a/an + adj
+ 可单
= a very + adj. + 可单 have a good / nice time doing sth. every
①>=3
②强调整体
③不与of连用
④不能单独使用，修饰可单
each
①两者
②强调个体 either
①表示任一，动词单
②either…or…就近
③either + 可单 + 动词单
either of + 可复 + 动词单
both
① 都，动词复
② both ~ and ~ + 动词复
both +可复 +复
either和both都用于两者 “说说说说
tell 双宾语
①tell sb sth 告诉
= tell sth to sb
eg.tell sb. the truth / a lie
②tell sb about sth
③tell sb to do
④tell sb + 宾从
speak
①用于打电话 May I speak to sb ~
②speak +语言
③speak + adj. eg.speak loudly
say
①say + “”内容””
②标志牌，布告 eg.Look. It says “”No swimming””.
③say to sb
talk v.&n.
①talk with/to sb. about sth
②have a talk
“ have a + adj. + time doing
有一个~的时间做某事； 度过~的时光
eg.I have a good/wonderful time visiting the countryside.
我有一个好的时光去往乡下。
have a good time doing = have fun doing
It’s time (for sb.) to do
= It’s time for doing
have time to do
做..事的时间，有时间做某事
go over go over = review 复习 “also 多用于肯定句，实意动词前面，其他动词后面
too 肯定句，在句末，前有”” , “”
as well 肯定句，句末，无标点
either 否定句，在句末，前有”” , “”
“ there /here 位于句首，主语为普通名词，引起完全倒装
eg.there lived a king —> a king lived there
Here you are.
Here it is.
主语为代词，把here/there提句首即可 a lot = (very) much
a lot 在比较级前 = much = far
a lot of = lots of = plenty of + 可复/不可 through doing 通过做某事 cross v.
穿过，越过，渡过
across prep. 横越，穿过 v. + across
through prep. 穿过，通过
cross the street
= go across the street
would like = want 选择疑问句
1、一般疑问句 + or + 另一选项？
Are you a teacher or a writer ?
2、特殊疑问句
Which color do you like, blue or green? would like
①询问对方是否想要某物
Would you like some fish ?
-Yes , please.
-No, thanks
②询问对方是否愿意做某事
Would you like to go shopping with me ？
-Yes. I’d love to.
-I’d love to ,but ~
③询问对方想要什么
What would you like to do after school ？
- I’d love to ~ This kind / pair of trousers is too big . one another
≥3者の彼此
each other 2者の彼此 walk through the village / park
只要高于我们的都用through have / take sth. with sb. 随身携带某物 疑问副词 + to
do it
= 疑问代词+ to do the + 比较级
①The +比较级, the + 比较级
②the +比较级 of the 两者(如two/twins…) 头发
一长短
二曲直
三颜色 be of medium height / build middle
①位置，中间的，中部的
②中级的，中等的 primary/middle/high school
medium 表尺寸 It’s up to sb. to do sth. that is = that is to say
即…/也就是说… promise to do
make a promise to do sth.
promise that ~ 毕业典礼 graduation ceremony be moved to tears/cry
感动到落泪 graduate
v. 毕业
n. 毕业生 为某人送行
接机 see sb off 为某人送行
meet sb. at the airport 接机
一般过去时：过去某个时间点或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态
常见时间状语
①yesterday 类
yesterday evening/morning
the day before yesterday in the evening/morning
② last类
last night / week / century/ spring / Monday /January
③段时间 + ago类
long long ago , two days ago
④in + 过去时间类
in 1976 , in June 2007
(in + 一段时间 表多久之后) the other day
= a few days ago
几天前，用一般过去时 someone / somebody 大人物
no one/ nobody 小人物 表示事情发生频率的词组
①次数+时间范围
eg.twice a week
eg.three times a day
②every + 可单
eg.every day
eg.every month How often 提问频率
How long
①提问时间多久 ，注意how long ,for,since —> 现完+延续
②提问物体多长
How far 提问多远(路程，距离)
How soon 多久之后 be confident of/about sth
be confident in sb. /oneself
have confidence in sb / oneself be just in time to do sth 及时赶上做某事
be just in time for sth 刚好赶上做某事 be similar to be up to sb. to do sth.
mostly 数量上
mainly 在一系列事物中，突出重要性 be talented in take sth seriously / easy
“though
①用在句首
②用在句尾，前加”” , “”” it turn out ~ 结果是 ~ 疑问词+不定式 做 主语/宾语
eg. Whether to have a picnic is still unsure .
eg. I don’t know what to do . if only 但愿 search = look for take up
①开始从事 ~
②占据空间/时间 出现
①show up
②appear
③turn up go + 不好的变化
eg. go sour , go bad
turn +颜色
become 多为身份变化
天气变化用get
eg. the days get colder and colder 非谓语动词否定全加not
to do 否定 not to do
doing 否定 not doing
done 否定 not done would rather do A than do B
= would do A rather than do B mean - meant - meant
mean to do 打算做某事
= be going to do
= plan to do
= intend to do
A mean B A的意思是B
A mean doing A意味着做某事
eg.To get the success means trying hard.
Success means working hard. n.wish
希望，祝福
n.hope
希望 take (away / there 为关键词)
bring (here / me / us 为关键词) attend a meeting / concert / class melody
n.曲调，旋律 订…的票
一般用book , 不用order 以…为基础 be based on turn out to be 变成…，结果是…
eg. This joke turn out to be a disaster. on second thoughts 转念一想 be mad at =
be angry with mocking adj. 嘲讽的，嘲笑的
mockingbird 知更鸟 require/need/want doing 表被动
eg. The car needs mending.
The car requires mending.
The car wants mending. deprive
deprived deprive 剥夺
deprived 被剥夺的
sleep-deprived 失眠的 be limited 受限的 be worth doing = be worthy of doing = be
worthy to do
表被动，值得被…
eg. The book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得读 Five hundred students study
in that school.
Five hundred of the students is boy.
这个句子中有the，所以要加of，表示全体学生中的500个 天象/动物现象，用 is going to
天气预报 weather report , 用 will
eg. Look at the clouds! It is going to rain.
eg. The weather report says it will rain. be about to do
不能与时间状语连用，只能与when / while 连用 divide/cut/tear sth into ~ v.pass -
passed - passed
prep.past
v. + past Chinese-America 美籍华人
African-America 非洲裔美籍 many planet，plant, astronaut, human , sandwich
much paper, pollution, butter, yogurt, honey 一般将来时
1 . will do 有主观色彩
2 . be going to do
3 . be about to do
4 . be doing 表位置转移 eg. I’m leaving for Beijing.
5 . 时状从/条状从 主将 从现
6 . 按照严格计划进行，如上课，飞机起飞，火车离站(timetable)，表演步骤(show)
用一般现在时
eg. The plane takes off at 11:20.
eg. The meetings starts at half past nine. pay a visit to sp. = visit sp.
pleasure
帮忙前 with pleasure
帮忙后 It’s my pleasure
it’s a pleasure for sb to do
make sb pleased = please sb.
pleasant 修饰事物 rather > quite 相当/十分
rather多用于贬义词 be badly / terribly hurt / ill / sick 英雄所见略同。 Great
minds think alike. because > as > for > since neck and neck 齐头并进 the next
day 用过去时/过去将来时
next 将来 eg. next year enter into partnership 进入合作关系 istant 立即的 timing
n. 时间的选择，时间的掌握
His photo is a wonderful happy moment caught with perfect timing. back-to-nature
回归自然 leave over 剩下 gracious 慈祥的 ① dress + sb/oneself
没有 sb/oneself 用被动
② get dressed pull into 开车进入，驶入 in vain 无效的，徒劳的 originally
adv.最初，本来 follow up 追查，跟踪 sweep through 扫过…;席卷….;迅速传遍于…
be eager to do
ougth to do
intend to do
tend to do be eager to do 迫不及待做… ；急于做…；渴望做…
ougth to do 应该做….
intend to do 打算做…；想要做…
tend to do 倾向于做… 一大碗牛肉汤 a big bowl of beef soup 走路时撞着 walk Into
进入梦乡;睡着 fall asleep 快速查看;浏览 look through 两个;一对;几个 a couple of
玩的开心 have a good time 摔倒 fall over 插着蜡烛的生日蛋糕 the birthday cake
with candles 发烧 have a fever 干得好 do a good job 和…相同;与…一致 the same
as 砍倒 cut down 亲自 In person 和睦相处;关系良好 get on with
数以百计的;许许多多的 hundreds of 逐渐变弱;逐渐消失 die down 去购物 go shopping
公开 in public 写日记 keep a diary 休息 take breaks 许愿 make a wish 由…制成 be
made of 前往;费力地前进 make one’s way to 一方面…另一方面… on the one hand~, on
the other hand~ 依靠信赖 depend on 砍伐树木 cut down the trees 看报纸 read a
newspaper 为……骄傲 be proud of 长寿的象征 the symbol of long life 沉默;无声 in
silence 全年 all year round 删除;删去 cut out 满是…的 full of 去电影院 go to the
cinema 确保;查明 make sure 使…惊讶 to one’s surprise 跳上跳下 Jump up and down
为……感到自豪 take pride in 有相同特征 have ~ in common 至少;不少于;起码 at
least 比较;对比 compare with 拆除;往下拽;记录 take down 庭院拍卖会 yard sale
把好运带给我们 bring good luck to us 建议某人做某事 advise sb to do sth 卧室
living room 立即;马上 right away 能够做某事 be able to do sth 是 . . . 的职责 ;
由 . . . 决定 be up to 属于 belong to 代替;反而 instead of 面包机 bread maker
某人认为 In one’ s opinion 查明;弄清 find out 到目前为止;这今为止 so far
给…的感觉:感受到 feel like 跑开，躲避 run away from 几乎从不 hardly ever
接到来信、电话 hear from 接受教育 get an education 拒绝 turn down 盼望 lookt
forward to 前天 the day before yesterday 确切地说;事实上;实际上 in fact
确信；对…有把握 be sure about 闲逛 hang out 长大;成熟;成长 grow up 照料 look
after 做准备 prepare for 下车 get off 允许做某事 allow doing sth 关心;在意 care
about 就我所知 as far as I know 路过 pass by 冒险 take risks(take a risk）
拍相当多的照片 take quite a lot of photos 稍微,有点儿 kind of/ a little/a bit
写下;记录下 write down 怎么了? What’s the matter? 中等身高(身材) be of medium
height(build) (闹钟)发出响声 go off 从前 once upon a time 一…就… as soon as
游乐场 amusement park …的数量 the number of 例如,像…这样 such as 缺席 be absent
from 捎个口信 take a message 使某人梦想成真 make one’s dream come true 习惯于…
be used to 学习很多种田的事 learn a lot about farming 在开始 at the beginning of
变成 turn into 软体玩具;布绒玩具 soft toys 给某人回电话 call (sb) back 摘草莓
pick strawberries 爱上;喜欢上 fall in love with 察看;观察 check out 做杂务 do
chores 此刻,马上 right now 关于;与…有关 have to do with 耗尽 run out (of) 沿途
along the way 结果 as a result 棋类游戏 board games 教他们怎么做(它） teach them
how to do it 警察局 police station 切除 cut off 初级中学 junior high 结婚 get
married 重要的事 something important 有点累但是很有趣 a little tired but fun
在对面 across from 掌管,管理 be in control of 抄袭别人的作业 copy others’
homework 清理;丢掉 clear out 让某人想起某事 remind sb of sth 点火取暖 make a
fire to keep warm 放弃 give up 沿着这条街走 walk along/down the street 不再;不复
no longer 打扫干净 clean up 互相讲故事 tell each other stories 向右/左转 turn
right/left 放弃;交出 part with (使)振奋起来 cheer up 至于;关于 as for 分发,散发
give out 说实在的 to be honest 想出,提出 come up with 依据;按照 according to
当然;自然 of course 动作影片 action movie 南非 South Africa 胃痛 have a
stomachache 吸入,吞入 take in 一个英俊的男演员 a handsome actor 与……交流
communicate with 只要
as long as
= if
茶艺 tea art 接电话 pick up 目的是;为了 in order to 推迟 put off 几乎;接近 be
close to 从…出来 get out of 四分之三 three fourths 打电话给 call up
做某事有麻烦 have problems doing 曾经 used to 鼓励某人做某事 encourage sb to do
照顾 care for 搭帐篷 put up a tent 选拔 try out 赶快 hurry up 修理 fix up
赠送,捐赠 give away (外貌或行为)像 take after 建起,设立 set up 大多数时间 most
of the time 迷路 get/be lost 面对(问题、困难等) in the face of 期待 look forward
to 躺下 lie down 用同样的方式看事情 see the things (in) the same way
与…不同;与…有差异 be different from 准备好(做某事) be ready to do sth 茶具
tea set 起初;起先 at first 照顾 take care of 影响,有作用 make a difference to
处于极大危险之中 in great danger 代替某人 take one’s place 量体温 take one’s
temperature 使显现;使表现出 bring out “
die of & die from 都表示死于~
病毒都可以
die of 偏向内部原因
范畴：具体的病(illness，cancer)，人体内的问题，衰老，内心忧郁
die from 偏向外部/环境原因
范畴：地震，车祸，饿死冻死，意外事故，安乐死
如果内外都有原因(如被车撞得肺不好去式)用任意一个都可以
“ “宾语从句 简化
1.当主句动词为hope , decide , choose , agree
等，且主从句主语相同时，从句简化为动词不定式结构
eg. He agreed that he could help me with my English.
= He agreed to help me with my English.
eg. She decided that she would study hard to achieve her dream.
= She decided to study hard to achieve her dream.
eg. We choose that we will go to visit the Zhong Shan Park.
= We choose to visit the Zhong Shan Park.
eg. I wonder where we should go next.
= I wonder where to go next.
这里I是包含在We里的
We choose that Dave will be our leader.
= We choose Dave to be our leader.
这个句子是的to be是宾补，修饰Dave是我们的领导者
2.当主句谓语动词是hear , see , watch , notice , find 等，从句简化为 “ 宾语 +
宾补 ” 结构
eg. I heard that some children sang some songs.
= I heard some children sing some songs.
eg. The woman noticed that the baby was crying in bed.
= The woman noticed the baby crying in bed.
eg. The teacher found that the classroom was very clean and tidy.
= The teacher found the classroom very clean and tidy.
3.由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，当主从句主语一致，动词为can/will/should时，宾语从句简化为
“”疑问词 + 动词不定式”” 结构
eg. I don’t know what I can do.
= I don’t know what to do.
eg. I’m not sure which camera I should buy.
= I’m not sure which camera to buy.
eg. I am not sure how many dictionaries I should buy for my students.
= I am not sure how many dictionaries to buy for my studnets.
“ whose 疑问代词谁的
1.whose + 名词 + 动词
2.whose直接当疑问词
Whose baseball is this ?
= Whose is this baseball ?
“构词法
“ A take pride in B
B be the pride of A
A be proud of B
“deal with & do with
“ besides & except
1.划出动词
2.①如果 b/e 后面的词包括在动词里，用besides
②如果 b/e 后面的词不包括在动词里，用except
put forward 提出；建议；推荐；把…向前移动；出示 put on
1.穿衣服
2.上演 put on a play
3.发胖
be careful 多用于人为能够控制的
eg. Be careful and you’ll make fewer mistakes
watch out /look out 多用于无法控制的
eg. watch / Look out ! The car is coming.
look up 从字典查找；从网上查 look up= search
find / look for + 具体人/物 get off/on 下/上大型交通工具
get into /out of 上/下小型交通工具 动词+up 多为上前来 eg. come up ,walk up , run
up put away 收好 <=> throw about 乱扔
put away sth = put sth away = put 代 away <=> throw about 用法相同 hit sb on
the + 硬
hit sb in the + 软 join + 组织
take part in + 活动 反义疑问句特例 (反义疑问句not需要 缩写)
1、主句动词为am,is ,反义疑问句只能用aren’t
eg. I’m your best friend, aren’t I?
2、否定前缀和后缀不影响句子肯否定 ,
not/never/nobody/nothing…等表否定的词影响
eg. Mary is unhappy , isn’t she?
3、不定代词指代物，反义疑问句it
eg. Nothing is wrong with the computer,is it?
不定代词指代人，反义疑问句he/they
eg.Everyone know news,doesn’t he?/doesn’t they?
4、主语为I/me,动词为guess/believe/suppose/think,反义疑问句以从句为准，否定要在前否定
eg. I don’t believe there will be robots at people’s homes , will there?
eg. He believes there won’t be robots at people’s homes , doesn’t he?
eg. Tom thinks you’re right , doesn’t he?
5、祈使句反义疑问句全用will you
eg. Be sure to write to us , will you?
Let’s 合起来写用shall we
eg. Let’s take a walk after supper,shall we?
6、看到had/have/has
①没有其他动词，has/had/have表示原意（吃，喝，有…),反义疑问句用do,does,did
②后面有过去分词，has/have/had为现在/过去完成时的助动词，反义疑问句用have,had,has
例1：Mai had nothing for breakfast this morning, ?
A.hadn’t she B.had she C.didn’t she D.did she
例2：Futuba had never been to Disneyland, ?
A.hadn’t she B.had she C.didn’t she D.did she
例3：Miku has never stopped listening , she? - ,she hasn’t.
A. has ,Yes B. hasn’t,Yes C. has, No D.hasn’t,No
Q & A
D B C surprise , snow , wind , rain , time 本身[u]，词组中可数
eg. get a big surprise
eg. what a pleasant surprise stay clear 远离 argue/fight with sb about sth.
= have an argument with sb about sth
= have a fight with sb about sth die 无被动,有 be 只能 be dead 构成系表结构
raise 饲养，举起，筹款 Surely not .
Certainly not.
Of course not. rather than 前后要形式一致，但前面 to do 后要省 to
eg. He enjoys walking outside rather than staying at home.
He would like to walk rather than stay at home. not … at all
= not … in the slightest
一点也不，根本不 have a great influence on sb
= influence sb a lot
fortunately = luckily
unfortunately = unluckily Besides，句子
= Also，句子
= What’s more，句子 n. riches 财富 be poor in health 不健康 be of +n. = be +
adj.
eg. be of good quality = be quality
eg. The book is very useful . = The book is of great/much use .
eg. The book is very interesting. = The book is of great / much interest .
patriotism n.爱国心，爱国精神 good，high , top，poor可修饰quality fill A with B
用B装满A
A be filled with B
fill in the blank / form the other day 几天前 = a few days ago 定语：单数+“-”
a three-day vacation = a three days’ vacation
表语：该单单，该复复
My holiday is three days.
My holiday is one day .
region 地区，指界线并不明晰的较大地区，地理上具有天然界线
district 行政分区
area 既可以大到国家，又可以小到房间等特定用所
eg. no smoking area
zone 时区 time zone
ever since 能单独用，指代上文提到的时间, since 不能 national
多指精神，民族层面的
country 国家，较为实际 n. firsts
first things
be at fault be at fault 有责任，有错
It’s my fault = I am at fault a street car 有轨电车 the +序数词/last … to do
sth.
第~个做~的人
eg. Mai is always the first student to come every day. turn away from 避开 ;
转过脸不面对 have a sweet tooth 喜欢吃甜食 burn off 烧尽 tough “adj.艰苦的;
艰难的; 棘手的; 严厉的; 强硬的; 无情的; 坚强的; 健壮的; 能吃苦耐劳的; 坚韧不拔的
n.粗暴的人; 暴徒; 恶棍
v.坚持; 忍受，忍耐
↑注意对比↓
v.加强，强化 toughen
“ drift apart 疏远 Needless to say， ~
更不用说 , ~ catch sb’s attention 吸引某人的注意 make an appointment 预约 take
up 可以指占用 receptive adj.愿意倾听的；乐于接受的 purse one’s lips 撅起嘴
purse 女钱包 “live
adj. 现场的(直播等)
v. 居住
live in + 大
live at + 小
live + 地点副词 eg. live there
lively adj.(注意lovely也是形容词)
栩栩如生的，生机勃勃的(可修饰故事中的人物)
living
adj.活着的
作表语
作前置定语 eg. living things eg. the living man
alive 表语形容词
adj.活着的
作表语
作后置定语 eg. the man alive
作宾补 eg. We can keep the fish alive.
作表语一般用alive比较多
例题
1.No one can keep alive without eating for 4 weeks.
有keep系动词，缺表语，用alive，keep
living表示一直不停地居住，但live一般只用一般现在时
2.John watched a live football match last night.
John看的是直播/现场比赛
3.The animals in the picture are lively .
表示图片中的动物是栩栩如生的
4.We all know young children are usually lively .
这里表示小孩子都是活泼的
5.The poor man has no home to live in.
这里指居住
“ - Has your daughter come back from Japan ?
- Yes. She there for three years.
A. has stayed B.stayed
Q & A
“
B
在过去某个不确定的时间回来了
“ take sth carefully/seriously 认真/小心对待… be brave to do sth
勇敢地去做某事 主语变了用倒装，表…也是 或…也不是
eg. Mai likes rice for lunch. - So does Sakuta.
主语不变去附和，表的确如此
eg. Mai likes rice for lunch. - So she does.
宾从语叙 由who , what， which 疑问代词引导时
①有其他名词，其他名词主语
②无其他名词, what / who /which 为主语
特例
① What’s wrong with you?
② What’s the matter with you?
③ Which is the way to ~ ? as , than
后只跟一个人/物 为简单句
后加了一个有主语有谓语的句子构成主从复合句
eg. He runs faster than me. 简单句，介词
= He runs faster than I do. 主从复合句，连词 no sooner … than …
一…就… n. + sick有特殊含义
sea-sick晕船
home-sick 想家 过去发生的瞬间动作只能用过去式，延续性才能用过去进行 句首，句尾
instead adv. 做状语
句中
instead of prep. 后接 n./ pron./ ~ing / 介词短语
either
adv. 意为“也不”，用于否定句中
pron. 意为两者中任一，做主语时动词用单数
adj. 意为两者中任一的
conj. either … or… 要么…要么… whole 限定词在前
all 限定词在后
eg. the whole day
eg. the whole school
eg. all their money
eg. all the audience
eg. all these tasks mostly = mainly 主要的 walk through the park /desert /
forest hardly
adv. 几乎不 hardly <=> almost > nearly
hard
adj. 困难的；硬的
adv.努力的；猛烈的 rain hard = rain heavily
eg. I can hardly tell the differences between the twins .
It’s not hard to learn English if you study hard. asleep adj.
睡着的，强调状态，表语 be/ fall asleep
sleep v. & n. 睡觉 sleep well = have a good sleep
sleepy adj. 困倦的 表，定
sleeping sleep的现在分词 & adj. 睡着的，睡觉的 a sleeping bag while
①conj.引导时间状语从句
②conj. 然而，表转折
③n. 一段时间
when
①conj.引导时间状语从句
②adv. 表疑问
注意区分while和when连接时间状语从句的区别 quarter 1/4 注意拼写， 有rrrr
表语：该单单，该复复，没有连字符，数词+名词+形容词
8844.43 eight thousand eight hundred and forty-four point four three
9600000 square kilometers in size
wide/high/long
= in size/width/height/length
定语：连字符，单数
表 Her son is eight years old.
定 Her son is an eight-year-old boy.
时间
①顺着说 时+分 eg. 9:05 nine five
②倒着说 分+时 （1~ 30 past）（31 ~ 59 to） 整点用o’clock 30分
half，15分quarter 日期
英：日-月-年 28（th） March, 2020
美：月-日-年 March 28, 2020 年代/世纪
①in + the 年s eg. in the 1980s 在二十世纪八十年代
②in + the +整数词复数形式 eg. in the sixtieth 在60年代
③in + the +序数词 +century over these days
over the years
用现完 Not, + 完成时 简略回答->Not yet
No , + 完成时 简略回答->No,never. be made of 能看到原材料
eg. the clothes is made of cotton(虽然只能看到颜色，但能摸出来也叫能看到原材料)
be made from 看不出原材料
eg. the wine is made from grapes ; the book is made from tree
注意果酒都是be made from
be made into + 制成品 ，表示被制成~
be made up of + 人/事物 ，表示由多个成员组成 / 多个成分组成
eg. Class 5 is made up of 40 students.
be made in + 大地点
be made at + 小地点
be made by + sb.(宾格) ，表示由某人制成
注意
1.如果句子中已经有其他动词，不填be动词，用made过去分词做定语
eg. I like the desk made of wood.
2.make up被动是be made up，注意与be made up of区分
eg. The story was made up.
江河湖海
ocean 海洋
sea 大海
lake 湖
river 河/江
be famous for + 原因
= be known for + 原因
= be well-known for + 原因
be famous as~ 作为~闻名
be famous to~ 被~文明
eg. be famous to everybody 广为人知
用某事做某事
主动 use sth to do sth
= use sth for doing sth
被动 sth be used to do
= sth be used for doing
被当作~使用
be used as ~
被某人使用
be used by ~
习惯于做某事
be used to doing
everyday adj.每日的、日常的，定语，= daily
every day 表示频度的时间词，做时间状语，放在句尾
We parctice everyday/daily English every day.
by accident 偶然地，意外地
do sth by accident = do sth by chance = happen to do
by mistake 错误地，无意中
How long have you had the book ?
- A couple of days, I it last weekend.
A. bought B. have bought
Q & A
A 年龄的特殊表达法
①of + 基数词 eg. Her son is a boy of eighteen.
②at the age of +基数词
= when sb . was …
eg. He could swim at the age of eight.
= When he was eight , he could swim .
③ in one’s + 整数词的复数形式 eg. Her mother is in her fifties.
④序数词 + birthday
eg. This is my fifteenth birthday.这里已经有my这个限定词了，前面就不用加the了
加：plus / and
5+6= 11
Five plus/and six is eleven .
减：minus
10-2= 8
Ten minus two is eight.
乘：times
2x5=10
Two times five is ten.
除：divided by
9/3= 3
Nine divided by three is three
编号
Room 101 = the 101st room
Grade 9 = the ninth grade
123 Shanghai Road
Bus Number 2= Bus No.2 “yet 可以当 “”然而”” 讲
此时yet ~ = however, ~
“ 见到Look
① 现在进行 eg. Look , There are some children playing
②现完表对现在的结果和影响 eg. Look. The building has been built aleady. an
achievement 一个成就
a success 一次成功
虽然是抽象名词，但表示一次时就可数了 treasure v.珍惜
≈ value idioms 成语 n. fully adv. 充分地，完全地，彻底地 cross-sea bridge
跨海大桥 impress sb. with sth. . 给某人留下深刻印象
eg . He has impressed me with his good sense of humor
.他的幽默感给我留下了很好的印象。
make a good impression on sb. 给某人留下一个好印象 over/in/during the past/last
+ 段时间
必用现完
the absence/lack/short of
… 的缺乏 single-headedly ，~
独自地，一手包办地~ v. survive
n. survivor 生存者 n. survival 生存 grow up 长大
grow into 成长为
be home to sb.
= be the home of sb
是某人的家 be touched / moved 被感动 be honored with ~ 被授予 ~ cut/skip
classes 逃课，旷课(有主观感情)
absent 只表示客观事实，没有到课堂上 淋了雨 be caught in the rain
被陷阱抓住 be caught in a trap “动名词的复合结构
指在动名词前加 物主代词或名词所有格或代词宾格 来表示动名词动作的发出者
也就是：形物/宾格/sb./sb’s + doing
此时 形物/宾格/sb./sb’s 做逻辑主语
eg. I don’t mind me seeing it again.
= I don’t mind mine seeing it again.
eg. I don’t mind Tom seeing it again.
= I don’t mind Tom’s seeing it again.
“ behavior
[u] 行为
[c] 特指某一件事情，比如说谁的~个行为如何如何
非常
very
quite
nice and ~
eg. very clean
= quite clean
= nice and clean
manage to do 设法做到某事，强调动作结果
包含try to do和succeed in doing
try to do 努力或试图做某事，强调动作本身，一般不涉及结果
普通名词既是自己的主格又是自己的宾格
所以当主语/宾语/表语都可以
attend 正式用语，主要指参加会议、听报告、听讲座等
take part in 主要指参加某项群众性的活动等，并在其中起积极作用
join 主要指加入某个团体、组织(如军队、党派等)，成为其中的一员
join还有join sb in doing sth 用法
receive & accept
receive表示客观收到，情绪比较中立
accept表示主观收下，带有主观色彩
eg.She received his present , but she didn’t accept it.
eg.Mai decided to accept my invitation.(有decide就是主观)
词组
accept a gift
receive an education (get/have an education表示获得，意思跟收不一样)
get是获得，没有收的意思，可以是主动获得或得到的意思
倒装
——————————————————————————
here&there 倒装
主语是普通名词(短语)，完全倒装(CBA)
eg. Here is your letter. eg. There lived a king. eg.Here comes the bus.
主语是代词，把here/there提到句首即可(CAB)
eg. Here it is. eg. Here you are.
——————————————————————————
neither/nor/so完全倒装表~也是/也不
eg. Mai likes rice for lunch. -So do I.
eg. Mai can speak French. -So can I.
eg. If you don’t go tomorrow, neither will I.
——————————————————————————
only+状语(副词/介词短语)，引起部分倒装(把be/情/助提到主语前，实义动词在后面)
eg. Only then will I have a chance to achieve my dream.
= Only at that time will I have a chance to achieve my dream.
——————————————————————————
以否定词开头(no，not，seldom，not only~but also连接分句)用部分倒装
eg.Why can’t I smoke here?
- At no time A in the meeting-room.
A.is smoking allowed B.smoking is allowed
C.smoking is not allowed D.does smoking allow
suppose 考点
1.当主语为I/We，suppose在前否定
2.反义疑问句以从句为准
3.be (not) supposed to do
4.I suppose so. 我猜是这样
5.It is suppose that + 主从 据猜测
“
国家
“ 表示规则
要做的√
must、should、be supposed to do
不要做×
must not、must never、shouldn’t、can’t
祈使句 Don’t do sth./No + doing./No + n.
eg. No smoking. No photos
定语从句
紧跟着介词的引导词，人只能用whom，物只能用which
The person to whom you just spoke is Mai.
= The person whom you just spoke to is Mai.
= The person who you just spoke to is Mai.
= The person that you just spoke to is Mai.
= The person you just spoke to is Mai.
whose修饰人/物，表示~的
修饰物是whose = the + 后面的名词 + of which , 此时of表示所属 ,
which表示的是先行词
eg. We live in a house whose roofs are red.
= We live in a house the roofs of which are red.
这里which代替house
定从用that的情况
先行词是~
1.当先行词是不定代词
something,anything,everything,nothing,some,few,much,little,all
2.当先行词是人+物，此时不知道用who和which哪个更好，使用that
eg.He talked happily of the writter and his books that interestd him.
先行词被~修饰
1.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰
eg. You are the first one that I want to ask.
You are the best one that I want to ask.
2.当先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰
the last + n.表示就是我要找的，上文中提到过的人或物
eg. This is the very pen that I an looking for.
3.当先行词被no,any,every,each,one of等修饰
eg. You can borrow any book that you want to read.
句中已经有who/which，为避免重复，用that
eg. Which is the bus that you will take.
人类命运共同体
a community with a shared future for mankind “think of&about&over
“ 情态动词表猜测
强弱
肯定must>may>could/might
否定
can’t>couldn’t不可能是，后面会有证据
eg. Mai has gone to Shanghai, it can’t be her.
may not可能不是，会有I’m not sure.这样的句子
时态
对现在/将来的猜测 情+do
对正在进行情况的猜测 情+be doing
对过去情况的猜测 情+have done
注意musn’t不表猜测，只能表示规则
情态动词表猜测=I think+宾从(对过去时态的猜测可以是过去式和现玩)
eg.Mai must have done her homework.
= I think Mai did her home work.
= I think Mai have finished her homework.
eg.Mai must be doing her homework.
= I think Mai is doing her homework.
eg. I couldn’t have left my bag on bus.
= I don’t think I left my bag on bus, did I ?
= I don’t think I have left my bag on bus, have I ?
be supposed to = should 应该
was/were supposed to 过去/当时应该做某事，不知道做没做
≈ should have done 过去/当时应该做某事，但是没有做
make
make sb do
make sb adj
make sb n 使某人成为~
eg. We made him our monitor
eg. Mr.Zhang made me the captain of our football team.
eg. make Mai my wife
have
1.have + 宾语 + done
①主语让别人为自己完成某事
②主语遭受不好的事(注意在阅读理解中的翻译)
eg. He had his wallet stolen at the station.
2.have + 宾语 + adj
使某一动作发生 eg. Please have your ticket ready.
get
1.get + 宾语 + done
让~被做
eg. Let’s get our classes started.
2.get + 宾语 + adj
eg. The news got the children excited.
keep
1.keep + 宾语 + doing
使某人处于做某事的状态中
2.keep + 宾语 +adj
使~处于特定状态
eg. Please keep the classroom clean.
eg. I can’t keep my eyes open.
3.keep + 宾语 + done
使~处于被动状态，过去分词表示状态，变成了状态形容词
eg. I can’t keep my eyes shut/closed to all this.
let
let + 宾语 + do = allow sb to do
允许某人做某事
英语中，喜欢的、宁愿的、更喜欢的都放在前面先说
eg. would rather ~ than ~ 宁可~也不~
eg. like/prefer
would rather
1.would rather (not) do sth 宁愿(不)做某事，不跟其他的动作比
had better do 最好做某事
eg. I’d rather not go out in such hot weather.
2.would rather ~ than ~ 宁愿~也不~
eg. I’d rather stay at home than go out.
eg. He’d rather have noodles than rice.
eg. Mike would rather go to school by bike than by bus.
题目
-Shall we go skating or stay at home?
-Which ________ do yourself.
A.do you rather B.would you rather
C.will you rather D.should you rather
Q & A
B
-Shall we go skating or stay at home?
-Which would you rather do (by) yourself.
既有过去完成时的标志词，又有for/since/how long
才用过去完成时的延续性动作
过去完成时
在过去某一时间或动作参照之前，已经发生或完成了的动作，强调过去的过去
常见时间状语
1.by/before构成的时间状语
2.连词when/before/after/not~until或短语by the time引导的从句
题目
He asked me _______ during the summer holidays.
A.where I had been B.where I had gone
C.where had I been D.where had I gone
Q & A
A
因为ask引导宾从，语序不对排除CD
ask表明我已经回来，用been
“not only ~ , but also ~
并列成分：相同的部分只说一遍，不同的部分被连词连接
并列分句
特例：把not only放在句首，引起部分倒装(只把be/情/助放在主语前面)
“ be against +n./pron./doing
<=>be for
work
[u]工作，只要是忙就可以
[c]作品
job
[c]工作，职业，一般有工资
task
[c]任务，工作
v. divide sth(整体) into ~(小)
这个整体可以是divide the whole class分成小部分，也可以是把一个苹果切成几块
eg. A year is divided into four seasons.
v. separate A from B
A与B是同等的
eg. separate the boys from girls
eg. separate the big apples from the small ones
adj. separate 单独的，分离的
eg. Although you have to go your separate ways now, I hope that one day you’ll
come back to visit our school.
“it 同类同物,特指可数名词单数或不可数名词,只有这一个
one 同类异物,上文中提到的,泛指,可数名词单数,多个中的一个
ones 同类异物,上文中提到的,泛指,可数名词复数,多个中的多个
“ believe(后面加句子一定是believe)
1.相信某人所说的话
eg. I believe waht you said just now.
2.相信某事会发生(或已经发生)
eg. I believe we will beat the virus.
believe in
1.信仰某事物/相信某事物存在
eg. believe in ghost
eg. The lady believes in Jesus.
2.信赖某人=trust
eg. He is truthworthy, so you can believe in him.
research 偏重于专门调查、研究
survey 偏重于数据的调查
level & standard 都有水平的意思
可以用量化给出标准，有评判标准的用 level
tiny小于公认标准 no + 可单/可复/不可
动词取决于后面的名词
There be + 主 ~
划线全部主语提问，固定搭配用 What is + 地点状语 ？
kiss sb on one’s face get 变化，瞬间动作，不用进行时时态 since then
只能表示自从那时起
since that case 可以表示既然那样
run - ran - run 乘客
Q & A passenger 对过去虚拟
If用过完，主句用过去将来完成时
If ~ had done~ , ~ would have done~
eg.If the young antelope had kept learning carefully all the time，he wouldn’t
have been caught.
do sth. by halves do sth. by halves 半途而废
= give up halfway
efficiently
effectively adv.有效的
efficiently 强调效率
effectively 强调效果 alternatively adv. 或者，要不(引出第二种选择或可能的建议 )
the chance to do / of doing
the opportunity to do / of doing an average student 一个普通的学生
=a student of average level simple <=> hard / difficult / complex mystery n.
mysterious adj.
神秘
reach a point 遇到情况，达到状态或水准
at one point or another 又是，偶尔 have the courage to do Only +
状语放句首引起不完全倒装（助提前）
eg. Only when we are enjoying the whole process of unlocking our self
improvement power will we realize that we’re beginning to take things light.
eg. Only then will I have a chance to achieve my dream . ay结尾分词多为ing/aid
lay - laying - laid -laid
say - saying - said-said
pay- paying -paid- paid result in 导致，结果是 influence sb most
like sb best
love sb best
瞬间动作在有when/while 的句型中只能用过去式
I still don’t know what ______ while I was away from home.
A. had happened B.would happened
C. has happened D.happened
D adv. most 最
adv. mostly 主要地，多半地，大部分地
adv. partly 一定程度上，部分的
adv. nearly 几乎，差不多，将近 喜恶 ( Like ,love ,hate ) 和 want 没有将来时态 it
is said / reported / believed / thought that …
被动的主语从句 study 可以表示书房 weigh
①重达 weigh + 重量
②称重量 weigh sth. pull out a 10-dollar note
抽出一张10$纸币 has/have been to 去过某地已回来
标志：①次数 ②You
has/have gone to 去了某地没回来
标志 : ①where ②I can’t find…
地点副词不用加to
has/have been in+大/at+小/地点副词
延续性（for/since/how long)
finish →be over
open →be open
close →be closed
borrow / lend →keep
leave→be away (from)
marry/get married → be married
buy→have
die→be dead
become→be
begin/start→be on 当把句子中的
介词短语（如behind the thing）
或副词短语（如over there/here）
放在句首时
如果主语是普通名词就可以完全倒装
主语代词只需要短语到句首
eg. Behind the things lies the true meaning of Christmas.
tall 实际意义的高
high 抽象意义上
eg. high score
to do 不定式表示还没发生或将要发生
doing 表正在发生或已经发生 prep.by
①by + 交通工具
如果交通工具有了限定词如a/an/his
需要用 in + 限定词 + 小型交通工具，如 in a car
或on + 限定词 + 可直立的交通工具 on a bus
②by + 时间 用完成时态
by + 将来→将完
by + 过去→过完
by Friday = before and on Friday
③by the time + 过去时从句用过完
eg. By the time I got outside ,the bus had left.
④可单+ by +可单
eg. Don’t read word by word.
⑤ by表示在旁边=next to
eg. The girl is sitting by the lake.
= The girl is sitting next to the lake.
在窗边 by the window
⑥ by + doing
eg. I learn English by listening to stories.
⑦词组 by accident/ by mistake / pass by / drop by prep.表示用/通过
1. by
①by doing
②by + 交通工具/方式时，只能直接加可单
eg. by bus
eg. make sth by hand 手工制成
2. with +具体工具（要有限定词，特指哪一个）
eg. The boy draws with a pencil.
eg. We see with our eyes.
3. in + 抽象的（语言，墨水）
eg. Can you say It in French ?
Write your letter in blue ink.
<-区分->write it with the bottle of ink on the desk 具体特指
4. through+名词
题
They have made much progress through their hard work .
He caught the ball with his left hand.具体到了用一只手用with，不具体用by
I learn grammar by doing exercise. 只有by能加doing
You can lower down your stress in this way .看不见摸不着，抽象的用in
Please fill the glass with juice. fill A with B
We learn many things through newspapers.
eg. through exercise = by exercising
through hard working = by working hard
lie
①v. 躺，位于，存在 (lie-lying-lay-lain)
eg. You should lie down and rest .
eg. The park lies next to the bank.
eg. Behind the things lies the true meaning of Christmas
②v.说谎（lie, lying, lied, lied)
lie to sb. = tell sb. a lie = tell a lie to sb.
③n.谎言
lay
①v. 放置，安放；下蛋( lay-laying-laid-laid )
eg. A man laid a hen on the table, then he lay on the sofa and waited . After a
while the hen laid an egg. But the man lied to his wife that the egg was bought
in a shop lying in the town.
当名词前有种类，前面又有this/that时，种类为主语，动词用单数
eg This kind of books sells well. ever
①意为曾经
②用于疑问句或肯定(表强调)，否定用never
③助+ever+过分
never
①意为“从来没有”
②常与before连用
③助+never+过分 100 hundred
1,000 thousand
1,000,000 million
1,000,000,000 billion such adj
such + n. eg. such boys
such + a/an + adj. + 可数名词单数 eg.such a kind boy
such + adj. + 可数名词复数/不可数名词 eg.such kind boys eg. such clear water
so adv .
so + adj./adv.（只有so能修饰adv） eg. so quickly(adv) eg. so kind(adj)
so + adj.+ a/an + 可数名词单数 eg. so kind a boy
so + many/few + 可数名词复数 eg. so many / few boys
so + much/little + 不可数名词 eg. so much / llittle water 德国人罗马人复数加S (
Germans, Romans)
其它带man复数men
raise money for … 为…筹钱 make a film/movie 拍电影 always
①一般现在
②有过去时间一般过去
③强调情感喜恶，跟现在进行时
eg. Uncle LeiFeng is always helping others.
eg. Why are you always coming late ? have nothing against sth./doing be
happy/surprised to do.
be happy/surprised at sth. 随之起舞 dance to the music so that + 目的状从 = in
order that + 目的状从 = in order to do 简单句
so + adj./adv. + that + 结果状（发生的真实情况） spoken
①speak 过分
②adj 口头的，口语的 eg. My spoken English is good / poor.
speaking
①speak 现分
②adj .说话的，演讲的 eg. speaking skills 演讲技巧 动词修饰名词，用动词的ing形式
eg. speaking skills
eg. swimming skills English-speaking countries
story- telling club
mountain - climbing club I don’t have a partner to practice English with.
分析：with是一个小品词，表示和同伴一起练习，省略就没有他们之间的关系了,to
practice English with 是后置定语，修饰a partner 同时 to practice English with 与
a partner 构成动宾关系，即 practice English with a partner ,因此with 不能省略
I have no seat to sit on .
分析：sit 不及物，on 表明sit与seat关系
There’s nothing to worry about.
分析：worry不及物+小品词跟宾语， about 表明worry与nothing关系
I like the music that I can dance to. 分析： dance to the music
She has no paper to write on. 分析： write on the paper
She has a new pen to write with. 分析： write with a pen
Let’s read something that you’re interested in. 分析： be interested in sth.
He’s an honest man you can depend on. 分析：depend on sb
Academician Zhong Nanshan is a good example for us to learn from. 分析： learn
sth. from
Can you tell me which country you plan to travel to? 分析： travel to sp.
Can you tell me who you plan to travel with ? 分析： travel with sb travel to sp
去某地旅行+目的地
travel around sp. 环游某地 take sth seriously 认真对待 different + 可复
a different + 可单 表示一个不同的 manage one’s life get older =grow older
get 多为天气变化（白天变长，天气变暖…） 当别人说的是事实，用 That’s right./You
are right./Right. 答
That’s it. 意思是这正是问题所在。 fight for sth. = have a fight for sth.
fight with sb. = have a fight with sb. bookworm
an earthworm bookworm 书虫
an earthworm 蚯蚓 run for president 竞选总统 people with all kinds of colors
各种肤色的人 first thought 最初的梦想 reach
vt. 到达，抵达 eg. reach home
vi. 达到，伸出援手 eg. reach out a hand
n. 范围，延伸 eg.out of reach 超出范围 fear
①n. fear of 对…的敬畏；对….的恐惧
eg. fear of height 恐高症
eg. fear of God对上帝的敬畏
②v.fear for sth/sb. 为某物/人担心
③v.fear that 担心…
④adj. fearful 可怕的
adj. fearless 无畏的
adv. fearfully 可怕的
引导宾从的if不能与or not 直接连用 宾从主句为一般过去，从句时态倒移
从句客观真理用一般现在
主句表委婉的客套语气，保持原有时态
eg. Could you please tell me when the History Museum opens? Miss Li asked Lucy
whether/if she came from Japan.
come from 不看作客观事实，随主句asked时态倒推 lone 只能做 定语
alone 只能做 表语/状语
lonely 可以做 表语/定语
铅笔 pencil opposite =across from beside 强调紧贴着
near 相对的靠近 slow down 慢下来
speed up 加速
speed down 减速 in dangerous situations the elders = the old 表示年长的人 excuse
sb for ~
为~原谅某人 be to do 表将来
eg.I am to leave. = I am leaving.
leave现进，位置转移表将来 be pleased at sth . 因某事感到高兴
be pleased/satisfied with sth 满意
be pleased to do 高兴去做某事 proverb 谚语，格言 have/make a summary = sum up
such things as …
像…的东西 except for 前后不同类
except 前后同类
eg. It is now open every day of the year, except for two holidays.
day←不同类→holidays
holiday可能一天，也可能两天，不一定是一天，与day不同类
It is now open every day in the week, except Sunday.
day ← 同类 → day
amount 金额，总额，总计，数量
①n. an amount of +不可 +v.单
←对比→ a (large/great) number of + 可复
a large / great amount of + 不可 表示大量的
②vi.合计 the cost amount to …
the power of … develop a sense of ..
培养…感
develop a habit of …
养成…的习惯 be absent from <=> be present + 应该的介词 lead sb. to sp take a
message for sb . 捎口信
leave a message for sb. 留口信 正适合作某事 be right for doing have fun doing
sth.
= have a good time doing sth.
walk around + city/school 四处闲逛，四处参观 avoid + sb. = avoid meeting sb
避免遇见某人/躲着某人
avoid + doing 避免做某事
avoid + sth. 避免某事发生 eg. Try to avoid accidents. reply to = answer please
v. 使…高兴
三单 pleases
sb/sth please sb (very much / a lot)
= make sb (feel) happy/please/glad
pleasure
n. 快乐，令人高兴的事
eg. a great pleasure
pleased
adj. 修饰人，感到满意的，还可能是过去式/过去分词
be pleased/satisfied with
pleasant
adj. 修饰物(不是 pleasing)，令人愉快的
eg. a pleasant trip
paper cutting in the front of the bus 在车前部（内部）
in front of the bus 在车前 have a break [c] suggestions for sth.
suggestions on sth.
on更专业 带festival 加 the
eg. the Spring Festival
带day的无冠词
eg. Father’s Day is coming . stay away from = keep away from keep one’s voice
down . 小声 take a bus = catch a bus hold on 指电话不挂断 fit sb well / fine
that is，~
= that is to say, ~
即~，也就是说~ be into 对…感兴趣；投入某事
eg be into sports
be onto 想到点….
eg. she maybe onto something match 场 > round 轮，回合 spelling bees 拼字比赛
cheer up(赞扬，加油，打气)
vt. cheer sb up = cheer sb on (只有vt)
vi. sb cheer up
cheer for 为…欢呼（成功后的赞扬）
eg. Let’s cheer Tom up/ on.
eg. Tom cheered up. get through 渡过，完成，熬过 be in a terrible / good mood
facial expression 表情 pace 多指步速
speed 各种速度
n. at the speed of
v. speed up / down gesture 手势
body language身体语言 很有可能做某事，倾向于做某事
be likely to do run for 参加竞选 turn to sb (for help) 向某人求助 give a speech
= give a talk 做演讲
have a talk = have a speech 听演讲 v.picture 想象
v.imagine to the point to the point 切中要害，切题，讲到要点
all to the point 都切中要害，切题，讲到要点 should have done 本应该做，但没有做
shouldn’t have done 本不应该做，但做了
这其中都有感情色彩 make it through 熬过，克服困难 insist on doing 坚持 enter vt.
进入 eg.enter the classroom
enter for 报名参加 like / love … best look over 检查（人）
审视（物）
turn /change A into B v. + in the first place 起初，首先 do sth. with pride
骄傲地做某事 keep to ①不离开(公路) eg. keep to the path
②不偏离主题 eg. keep to the topic / sbject
escape from … be less likely to do 不，不可能 place a limit on …
对….加以限制
advise
v.
①advise sb about sth
②advise sb (not) to do sth.
③advise that … (用虚拟语气，有(should) do)
n.
①advice [u]
lately = recently 最近，用现完 That’s not the case for sb.
对某人来说情况不是这样 consideration n.
considerate adj. honest adj.
honesty n. worth
adj. be worth sth/doing 表被动 eg. the book is worth reading.
n. 能~的东西；价值~的东西；价值；意义 修饰整个句子的副词都用“，” 与主句隔开
eg. Luckily , we saw the sun rise on top of Mount Tai.
eg. Suddenly, . .. educate sb. to do sth. 交通拥挤用 heavy / busy one hand …
，my other hand… last but not least,~
最后的一点，~
写作文用在结尾
belong to + 代词宾格
= be + 名词性物主代词
= be + 形物+n.
eg. This book belongs to me.
= This book is mine.
= This book is my book.
belong to + 名
= be + 名词’s
eg. This book belongs to my sister.
= This book is my sister’s.
belong后面的to是介词
at no time …
绝不… ；无论何时都不…
eg. At no time is smoking allowed in the meeting room. Germans
Romans
Humans 集合名词
eg. My class is the best.
eg. Half of the class are having dinner . “” It’s your duty to ~ Don’t mention
it.
用在对方感谢之后 have a sale 打折销售 mainly revision
主要复习；重点复习 bracket
colon
comma
full mark / full stop bracket 括号
colon 冒号
comma 逗号
full mark / full stop 句号 have a poor / good memory “一、以防万一
①in case + 句子
eg. Take a hat in case the weather is too hot.
eg. Take an umbrella with you in case it rains.
②in case of + 名/代
eg. Take an umbrella with you in case of rain.
③~，just in case.
eg. I brought an umbrella, just in case.
二、就…来说，在…情况下
①in the case of … ≠ in this situation，多了一层””就~来说””的意思
eg. In the case of learning English, we must practice more.
在这个例句中，in case of表示就学习英语来说，≠in this situation
“ if only 但愿，要…该多好，只要
only if 如果 Why bother ?
Why do sth ?
Why not do sth？ Why bother ? 何苦呢？
Why do sth ? 表责备
Why not do sth？表示建议 句首的what+句尾的for = why
What for? = Why？
What ~ for? = Why ~?
句首的what + 句尾的like = how
eg. What the weather will be like?
= How the weather will be? You got me there. 你难住我了 You said it. 你说对了。
否定猜测,疑问猜测都用can 一阵风/雨/雪，就可数 take comfort take comfort
令人欣慰，得到安慰
take comfort from~ have a quick breakfast = have breakfast quickly 交通工具
①v. + 限定词 + 交 + to sp.
eg. take + a/an +交通工具 + to sp.
eg. take a bus to…
eg. ride a bike to …
②v. + by + 交
= v. + on/in a/an + 交
eg. go to school by car
= go to school in a car
=take a car to school
fall ill 延→be ill bring out the best in sb What special classes we had!
= How special the classes were! on the earth = on Earth 在地球上
on earth 究竟 be expert in
be expert at be expert in 是…专家
be expert at 擅长 go/come and do
go/come doing dome-shaped 穹顶形的
当主句与从句主语一致时,从句又有be,可以省略从句的主语和be
eg. When ( they are ) threatened , they may play dead. be native to
原产于…；源于… be harmful to
= do harm to
= be bad for a + 最高级 表非常
= very very …
a + 序数词 表示另一个
= another appreciation n. 欣赏，感激 match up
使…相配 pretty soon
很快
feeling 侧重于自身的主观感受
eg. a feeling of excitement/warmth
sense 侧重于客观存在的，内在的感觉
eg.a sense of humor/direction
专业的，客观描述用 sense
eg. Generally speaking, the sense of touch of a blind man is better than that of
a healthy one . B.C. 公元前 before Christ
A.D. 公元后 Anno Domini kill sth for … be in great need 极其需要
当kind出现在主语中，有这个/那个当限定词，kind 为主语
eg. This kind of cars catches the eyes of others. the company of …的陪伴 take
one’s advice 对过去虚拟，if用had done, 主句用would have done
意思有两层
1. 如果当时A，那么就会B
2. 当时没有A
settle down 定居，安定下来 be surrounded by 被…环绕 sorry- looking 愁容满面的
show off 炫耀 best choice 首选 厌倦 be fed up with
= be tired of column n.柱; (通常为) 圆形石柱; 纪念柱; 圆柱状物; 柱形物;
(书、报纸印刷页上的) 栏 from the bottom of one’s heart diturb,bother
打扰 get是瞬间动作，不用进行时 taste
味道
定从只用which不用that的情况
Q & A
1.非限定性定语从句
2.前面有介词
Only thus，~ 后面的句子用不完全倒装，表示只有这样 put on the wing which flies
toward the ideal for us We should keep a thankful heart towards …….. Imagine
how you’d feel if you were in the other person’s shose. offline payment 线下支付
It can be tasted, but not explained. If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
itinerary
n.行程; 旅行日程
fatigue
“
n.疲劳; 劳累; 厌倦; (金属或木材的) 疲劳
v.使疲乏; 使劳累; 使（肌肉，器官）衰竭
“
comity
n.礼让；友谊
genuine
adj.真的; 名副其实的; 真诚的; 诚实的; 可信赖的
merriment
n.欢乐; 嬉戏; 欢笑
toughen
v.(使) 坚硬，坚固; 加强，强化(法律、规定等); 使更坚强; 使坚韧
exhausted
“
adj.筋疲力尽的; 疲惫不堪的; 用完的; 耗尽的; 枯竭的
v.使筋疲力尽; 使疲惫不堪; 用完; 花光; 耗尽; 详尽讨论(或研究)
“
philosopher
n.哲学家
comprehension
n.理解力; 领悟能力; (语言学习中的)理解练习(或训练)
be occupied with
忙着做…；忙于某事物 与…交流 communicate with 向左转 turn left 为…感到自豪 take
pride in 数以百计的；许许多多的 hundreds of 一方面~，另一方面~ on the one
hand~,on the other hand~ 放弃交出 part with 以…闻名 be known for
be famous for
不论;无论 no matter 剪纸 paper cutting. 有道理 have a point 偶然的；意外的 by
accident 发生;出现 take place 毫无疑问;的确 without doubt 突然;猛地 all of a
sudden 错误地;无意中 by mistake 把…分开 divide…into 不但…而且 not only…
but also. 钦佩;仰慕 look up to 顶嘴 talk back 远离 keep… away from 自己做决定
make one’s own decision 妨碍 get in the way of 同时 at the same time 追逐;追赶
run after 总共;合计 in total 既然那样 in that case 偶尔地;间或 once in a while
坚持;固守 stick to 关闭;停止运转 shut off 大量粉笔 plenty of chalk
阻止他制造噪音 stop him from making noise 顺便拜访 drop by 脱下衣服;飞机起飞
take off 毕竟 after all 使我困倦 make me sleepy 是某人的朋友 be friends with sb
感觉被忽视 feel left out 既不～也不～ neither~nor~ 以～开始 to start with
把背包忘在家里 leave my backpack at home. ..正要做某事 be about to do.
替代某人的职位 take one’s place 响铃 go off 难以置信地盯着 stare in disbelief
尽一份力把它清理干净 play a part in cleaning it up 充满了垃圾 be full of rubbish
使空气中充满了黑烟 pollute the air with lot of black smoke 减少空气污染 cut down
air pollution 采取行动 take action 使用公共交通 use public transportation
回收书和废纸 recycle books and paper 满足一位要求严格的老师的要求 meet the
standards of a strict teacher 对~有耐心 be patient with 指导某人做某事 guide sb
to do 查看 look up 犯错 make mistakes 摆开 lay out 最终成为 end up 警告某做某事
warn sb to do sth 穿衣服 dress up 天生具有 be born with 关注 pay attention to
连接 connect with 增加体重 put on weight be glad/surprised at
表示情感的形容词多用at，但也有特例，如be worried about
be happy/pleased/glad to do
cheat in exams fail (in) the test
= fail to pass the test
so that 引导目的状语从句时，有时候可以省略that
如果后边有情态动词在，就可以判断是so that省略而不是并列连词so
eg. They need to talk with their parents so (that) they can find some better
ways.
get + 过去分词 (≠ have + 过去分词 (只有有宾语时候才可以，get/have sth done))
get dressed
get lost
get married
get caught 被抓住
disappoint sb
= make sb disappointed
talk sth over 详尽地商讨
think over 仔细考虑
look over = examine 医生检查身体
It’s never too late to learn. harvest n.&v.
harvest
= have a (good) harvest
有点像walk = have a walk
不要以貌取人
Don’t judge a person by his appearance.
Don’t judge a book by its cover.
be lost in thought 陷入沉思 do an operation on sb
做手术
sth match sth (well)
sth fit/suit sb (well/fine)
I may go climbing Mount Tai.
= Maybe/Perhaps I will go climbing Mount Tai.
examine 仔细检查用examine
check 一般检查小的(如答案)用check
医生examine = look over
long→length
deep→depth
wide→width
strong→strength
collective
adj.集体的; 共有的; 共同的; 全体成员的; 总体的
n.企业集团; 合作农场; 集体企业
graffiti
n.(公共场所墙上等处的) 涂鸦，胡写乱画
fine
adj.高质量的; 美好的; 健康的; 身体很好的; (指行为、建议、决定) 可接受
adv.可接受; 够好; 蛮不错
n.罚金; 罚款
1.not really
释义:算不上，事实上不是，不是真的，不尽然。
例句：I’m not really surprised .我其度实并不惊讶。
2.not exactly
释义:不全是
例句：This was not exactly what I wanted to hear .
这根本不是我想听到的。
1.not really
用法：表示轻微的否定问,意为答“不很”，表示怀疑或不相信,意为“不会吧”“不见得”“不会是真的吧”
2.not exactly
用法：表示轻微的否定,意为“不很”，表示不完全否定,意为“不完全是”“不完全如此”“不全对”
当既有过去时间，又有现在完成时时间时，以过去时为准
-Long time no see. Where have you been, Tina？
-I______ on business in Chiang Mai for 3 months last year.
A. went B. have been
C. was D have gone
Q & A
C 后面有 last year take action 采取行动
take actions 是错误的
none 可以指代人/物
no one / nobody 只能指代人
nothing 只能指代物
none 用于回答how many / how much
no one / nobody 用于回答 who
nothing 用于回答 what
上文如果已经出现过的名词下文只能用none代替
none 后面加名词时要加of ，其他几个不能这么用
-Five tickets to London on Saturday afternoon, please!
-Sorry, sir! There is______left.
A.none B.nothing
C.anything D.something
Q & A
A 太多的厨师，反而把汤破坏了
如果人太多，意见也多，反而不易做出决定
Too many cooks spoil the broth. 伟业非一日之功 Rome is not built in a day.
lottery ticket 彩票 谨言慎行不吃亏，轻率莽撞必后悔
Better safe than sorry.
凡人皆有得意日
狗有走运日，人有得意时。
Every dog has its day, and every man has his hour.
山中无老虎，猴子称大王。 When the cat is away,the mice will play.
carelessness
n.粗心大意； 草率； 快活； 淡漠 certain + 可复/不可 seem adj
= seem to be adj
dislike [c]
I have many likes and dislikes.
= I like many things and I don’t like many things.
quite a few + 可复 enough + 可复/不可 wonder [c] an umbrella difference [c]
系动词 + adj
= 系动词 + like + n./pron.
I feel happy.
= I feel like a happy person.
设身处地为他人着想 Imagine how you’d feel if you were in the other person’s
shose. Internet full-time <=> part-time percent
n.
as a result of ~
the result of ~
give sb some hints
hint [c]
healthy
healthily
比较级
healthy-healthier-healithest
healthily-more healthily-most healthily
get together
get-together
get together 动词词组
get-together n.(非正式的) 会议; 聚会; 联欢会
“” remind sb of doing sth Who does it belong to? Watching the tea preparation is
as enjoyable as drinking the tea itself.
赤道
equator
赤道
equator sincere adj.真诚的; 诚挚的; 诚恳的; 诚实的; 坦率的 gratitude n.感激之情;
感谢 sacrifice
n.牺牲; 舍弃; 祭献; 祭祀; 祭献的牲畜; 祭品
v.牺牲; 献出; 以(人或动物)作祭献
despite prep.即使; 尽管; 尽管(自己)不愿意
infection
n.传染; 感染; (身体某部位的) 感染; 传染病 potential of infection 感染的潜在性
strive v.努力; 奋斗; 力争; 力求 strive for life 为生活而奋斗 joint adj.联合的;
共同的
n.关节; (尤指构成角的) 接头; 接合处; 接点; 一块烤肉
v.把…切成带骨的大块肉
recovery n.恢复; 痊愈; 改善; 回升; 复苏; 取回; 收回; 复得 sincerely adv.真诚地;
诚实地
give up 与give in
都有“放弃，让步”之意
give up 指行为者碰到某种知困难或原因而自己主动放弃
give in指行为者屈于某种压力而被迫按别人的要求去做，侧重于屈服
give up可作vt., 后接名词或动名词作宾语
give in只作vi. ,后不接宾语
whatever后可加名词性从句
no matter what不可以
在表示“介意,计较”等意思的时候,要用care about
在表示“关怀,照顾”/“愿意…”等意思的时候,要用care for
care for 照顾
care about 关心
I’m alone but not lonely. go on about sth 喋喋不休 How’s that？ 1.
表示不理解，意为：这是为什么? 这是怎么回事?
2. 用来询问看法或意见，意为：可以吗? 行吗? 满意吗? 你认为怎么样?
3. 没听清对方的话时，请对方再说一遍，意为：你说什么?请再说一遍。
I could not get through the door because there was a big stone _____。
A. by the way B. on the way
C. out of the way D. in the way
Q & A
D
by the way 顺便说
on the way 在路上
out of the way 不挡道
in the way 挡道，妨碍
be/get/become angry with sb.
be/get/become angry at sth.
Many thanks. 多谢，非常感谢 a community with a shared future for mankind
人类命运共同体
在太空
In space
= In the universe
借助于某人的帮助 with the help of sb
= with sb’s help
control
过去式
过去分词
controlled
controlled
The Internet is making the world smaller , like a village.
闲逛
v. + around
eg. get around
eg. walk around
交通拥挤用busy/heavy “a special trained dog
= a specially-trained dog
“ learn
study
“learn 多一个””学会””的意思
study 多一个””研究””的意思
“ be similar to
familiar
echo [c]
echoes
回声
bounce back 恢复原状; 弹回 in the dark bounce back
bounce off
bounce back 一般用为恢复，回升
bounce off 一般用为反弹，弹开
think/make/find it adj (for sb) to do
形式宾语 真正宾语
Certainly not.
= Of course not.
= Surly not.
how：后面有代词用a/an，没有的话就用the
eg.What important information it is. *information[u]
= How important the information is.
= How important information it is.
eg.How tall a boy he/Tom is.
= What a tall boy he/Tom is.
service修饰用bad/good now
= at present
= at this moment
choose sb to do
choose sb + 身份
类比 make sb + 身份
clothes 指一切身体覆盖物，普通用
eg.hat eg.put on the clothes
clothing 指一切衣服的总称,不可数的集合名词,后面动词用单数
n.荒野 wilderness
enthusiasm
n.热情; 热心; 热忱; 热衷的事物; 激发热情的事物 the owner of the enthusiasm for
对~的热情 have a adj. attitude toward ~ pick on sb 故意刁难某人 go about
1、干(某事)，着手做；着手进行
2、四处走动；旅行
3、 (消息等)传播，流传；(疾病等)流行
4、到处…；经常从事于
have no idea ~
= don’t know ~
eg.He has no idea how you feel.
= He doesn’t know how you feel.
have no idea of + 名/代
eg.I have no idea of your name
work through the night 通宵达旦 吃一堑，长一智 A fall into the pit, a gain in
your wit. do group chats
= chat in groups
= chat with groups
群聊 n.距离
adj.遥远的
n.距离 distance
a long-distance trip 长途旅行
adj.遥远的 distant
bitter lessons 惨痛的教训 take after
性格相似
imagine doing Why not do? come up with
= think up
a feeling of + 名词
eg. a feeling of satisfaction
Moreover, my story is a rather common one.
rather 这里表示相当，rather>pretty
one 指代了上文的story，可数名词要么加a/an，要么加s
Moreover adv.此外,而且
表示一般性的努力(即表泛指意义)，通常是不可数名词
如： It’s a waste of time and effort. 那是浪费时间和精力。
His success depends upon effort and ability. 他是否成功取决于他的努力和能力。
This requires tremendous effort on the part of its people.
这要求它的人民做出巨大的努力。
若强调一次一次具体的努力，通常是可数名词，尤其与all, these等修饰语连用
如： All his efforts were of no avail. 他的努力都没有用。
With a great effort he jumped on. 他费劲跳了上来。
In spite of his efforts he failed. 他虽然做了努力，还是失败了。
His efforts this term have been most creditable. 他这学期的努力值得赞许。
But all these efforts ended in failure. 但所有这些努力都以失败而告终了。
Faced with such an arduous work, we must redouble our efforts.
面对这样艰巨的任务，我们必须加倍努力
其后接动词，通常用不定式，有时也用“at＋动名词”
如： He made every effort to get [at getting] it. 他竭尽全力想得到它。
表示“作出努力”，通常 make an effort
这样的形式，该结构中的不定冠词(an)也可根据情况换成 another, every, one more, no
等限定词，但不能没有限定词
如： He decided to make one more effort. 他决定再作一次努力。
Every effort was made, but to no avail. 做了一切努力，但没有用。
She made every effort to be a good student. 她努力要做个好学生。
The team made a concerted effort to win the game. 队员们同心协力来打赢这场球。
【注】若没有限定词，effort 就应用复数
如 The prisoner made efforts to escape, but he failed.
那个犯人企图越狱，但没有成功。
fail to do
翻译
Q & A
“翻译成””没能做成~“”再根据汉语进一步翻译通顺” the ability to do
= the ability of doing
make it 意思是成功，做成某事
do it 是指做具体的一件事
The concert will begin on the morning of Monday. Hope you can make it.
shut off 在表示关掉电器时
= turn off
make fun of sb
play jokes
make fun of sb 取笑
play jokes 开玩笑
向某人隐瞒~ hide sth form sb 主人公
主干、主路
主教学楼
main character 主人公
main road 主干、主路
main buliding 主教学楼
dumbfounded adj.惊呆了的，目瞪口呆的
v.使惊呆
desperately
adv.绝望地；不顾一切地，拼命地; 极度地；猛烈地
permission
n.准许; 许可; 批准; 许可证; 书面许可
discrimination
n.区别对待; 歧视; 偏袒; 识别力; 辨别力; 鉴赏力; 区别; 识别; 辨别 信不信由你，~
Whether you believe it or not, ~
= Believe it or not, ~
addict n.吸毒成瘾的人; 瘾君子; 对…入迷的人
vt.使沉溺; 使上瘾; 使自己沾染（某些恶习）
driveway
n.私家车道 180°转弯 180° turn 赞成 approve of
approval
n.赞成; 同意; 批准，通过，认可(计划、要求等); (商品) 试用，包退包换 Many people
have beaten their own fears.
在森林中 in the woods
= in the forest
strength
n.体力; 力气; 力量; 强度; 毅力; 坚强决心; 意志力量 The best way to keep love is
to give it wings. ~ with joy/fear/worry in one’s heart.
award
n.奖; 奖品; 奖金; 奖状; (收入的) 增加; (赔偿) 裁定额; (赔偿) 裁决
v.授予; 奖励; 判给
~ for sure 确定，肯定，确实如此，毫无疑问
cuisine
n.烹饪; 风味; (通常指昂贵的饭店中的) 饭菜，菜肴 做瑜伽
练功夫
do yoga
do kong fu
屏住呼吸 hold one’s breathe
take over
接手，接管（公司）; （武力） 占领，接管，控制; 接替; 接任; 接手; 取代; 代替;
占上风 达到一个水平 reach a level headquarters n.总部; 总公司; 大本营; 司令部
skyscraper n.摩天大楼
in + 语言
eg. in local dialect
news / works作品 可数吗？ 不可数 adapt
adopt
adapt v.使适应，使适合(新用途、新情况); 适应(新情况); 改编; 改写
adopt v.收养; 领养; 采用(某方法); 采取(某态度); 正式通过，表决采纳(建议、政策等)
reputation n.名誉; 名声
忙着做…；忙于某事物
be occupied with 对~的热情 the enthusiasm for diversity n.差异(性); 不同(点);
多样性; 多样化
考虑周到的,体贴的 considerate
caring
thoughtful
不遗余力地~ spare no effort to do 正如一句老话所说 Just as an old saying goes :
~ 助手 assistant n.爱国心，爱国精神 patriotism
pa tri o tism
谈论节目、时刻表、日历和固定的未来计划用一般现在时 do sth. a lot “
often do sth.
=do sth. a lot
翻译成””经常做某事””而不是””做某事很多””” 序数词4，14，40
Q & A
fourth
fourteenth
fortieth
长长短
序数词9，19，90
Q & A
ninth
nineteenth
ninetieth
短长长
土豆 potato With butterflies in my stomach , ~ 心里七上八下；忐忑 ability to do
= ability of doing
not A but B
就近原则
wear sb out 使某人筋疲力尽 wear out 磨损；用坏
concubines
n.妾 version n.变体; 变种; 型式; (从不同角度的) 说法，描述;
(电影、剧本、乐曲等的) 版本，改编形式，改写本 aide n. 助手 devote oneself to
doing/sth. 致力于~ 致力于~ devote oneself to doing/sth. a seed of an idea
一个想法的萌芽 enjoy every minute of ~ 享受~的每分每秒 Mai’s eyes shine with
joy. Mai眼中闪耀着快乐的光芒
一个句子如果已经有了谓语动词，有了另一个动词，那么这个动词做非谓语动词(如过分做定语)或用定从
eg. Over 112,000 students completed their 12th-grade study in Columbia School
between 2012 and 2015 took part in the study.
eg. This has been the common value by martial artists from generation to
generation.
“eg. Over 112,000 students who/that completed their 12th-grade study in Columbia
School between 2012 and 2015 took part in the study.
已经有took part 这个谓语动词了，前面的completed 只能是定从的了
eg. This has been the common value shared by martial artists from generation to
generation.
已经有has been 这个谓语动词了，shared 过分做定语
“
draft
“
n.草稿; 草案; 草图; 汇票; 运动员选拔制(某些职业运动队每年在大学生中选拔新队员)
adj.初步画出或（写出）的; （设计、草图、提纲或版本） 正在起草中的，草拟的;
以草稿形式的; 草图的
v.起草; 草拟; 选派; 抽调
“
academy
n.专科院校; (艺术、文学、科学等的) 研究院，学会; (苏格兰) 中等学校; (美国)
私立学校
hands-on
adj.动手的; 实际操作的
instruction
n.用法说明; 操作指南; 指示; 命令; 吩咐; (计算机的) 指令
adj.说明用法的; 操作指南的
introduction
n.初次投入使用; 采用; 引进; 推行; 新采用(或新引进)的事物; (正式的) 介绍，引见
adv. 意外地，偶然地 accidentally not only ~ but also ~
就近原则
adj.lively
比较级/最高级
lively - livelier - liveliest date back to ~ 追溯到~；从~开始有
martial arts
n.武术
primeval
adj.远古的; 原始的; 出于原始天性的 the primeval society the primeval society
原始社会
the ancient society 古代社会
the + 朝代 + Dynasty
eg. the Shang Dynasty
注意朝代名和Dynasty 大写
violence
violent
n.暴力; 暴行; 狂热; 激情; 激烈的力量
adj.暴力的; 强暴的; 感情强烈的; 激情的; 由激情引起的; 猛烈的; 剧烈的; 强烈的;
do sth from generation to generation 代代相传 generation gap 代沟
adversity
n.困境; 逆境
出现次数时可数
通往成功的秘诀是我们对待困境的态度 The key to success in life is our attitude
towards adversity. persuade v.劝说; 说服; 使信服; 使相信
persuade sb. to do
recharge v.给(电池)充电; 充电; 恢复体力; 恢复精力; 休整
meditate
v.冥想; 沉思; 暗自策划; 考虑; 谋划
meditation
n.冥想; 沉思; 深思; 沉思录
毫不犹豫 without thinking twice
= without hesitation
hesitate v.(对某事) 犹豫，迟疑不决; 顾虑; 疑虑
prey & pray
prey
n.猎物; 受害者; 受骗者
v.捕食; 掠夺; 折磨
pray
v.祈祷; 祷告; 企盼; 祈望
adv.(用于询问或指示) 请问，请
purse one’s lips 撅起嘴 kilo
pl.kilos
journey
pl.
journeys make a difference to sth 更不用说 , ~ Needless to say， ~
渴望做某事; 渴望做
be eager to do
abuse
n.滥用; 妄用; 虐待; 辱骂; 恶语
v.滥用(以致危害健康); 滥用，妄用(权力、所知所闻); 虐待; 性虐待; 伤害
Something must be done to stop the pollution.
majority
n.大部分; 大多数; (获胜的) 票数; 多数票; 超出其余各方票数总和的票数
心里七上八下；忐忑 With butterflies in my stomach , ~ adv.
或者，要不(引出第二种选择或可能的建议 ) alternatively
martial
adj.战争的; 军事的
reach a point 遇到情况；达到状态；达到水准 at one point or another
“在这一地点或那一地点”
“在这一时刻或那一时刻”
“在某个地点”
“在某一时刻”
metal
medal
petal
metal 金属
medal 奖牌
petal 花瓣
put up with
忍受,容忍
不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数
conscientiously
adv.良心上,兢兢业业
eg. I carried out my duties conscientiously.
我一丝不苟地履行我的职责
drop a line 写封信 share one’s opinion 同意某人的观点 Be my guest. 别客气，请便
insist on doing 坚持做某事 She isn’t quite herself today. 她今天不太舒服
awareness n. 意识; 知道; 认识; 兴趣
坚持做某事 insist on doing special
species
spacious
sceptical
special
adj.特殊的; 特别的
species
n.种，物种(分类上小于属)
spacious
adj.宽敞的
sceptical
adj.怀疑的
expedition
expectation
expedition
n.远征; 探险; 考察; 远征队; 探险队; 考察队; (短途的) 旅行，出行
expectation
n.预料; 预期; 期待; 希望; 盼望; 期望; 指望
carry out
实施; 执行; 实行
fulfil
v.实现; 履行; 执行; 符合; 具备; 起…作用; 目的是 bold
bald
bold
adj.大胆自信的; 敢于表白情感的; 敢于冒险的; 明显的; 轮廓突出的; 粗体的; 黑体的
n.黑体; 粗体
bald
adj.秃顶的; 秃头的; 无毛的; 无茸毛的; 光秃的; 不加赘述的; 简单的; 赤裸裸的
ember
amber
ember
n.余火未尽的木块(或煤块)
amber
n.琥珀; 琥珀色; 黄褐色
adj.琥珀色的; 琥珀制的
active 比较级/最高级
比较级：more active
最高级：most active
peak
peep
peek
peak
n.顶峰; 高峰; 山峰; 峰峦; 尖形; 尖端; 尖头
v.达到高峰; 达到最高值
peep & peek
v.窥视; 偷看; 微露出; 探出
n.偷看，窥视; 一瞥，看一眼
retire from work 退休 dressed in ~ 穿着~ wardrobe n.衣柜; 衣橱; (英国)
放置衣物的壁橱; (一个人的) 全部衣物; (剧院或电视公司的) 服装部，戏装保管
越来越多的人 a growing number of people
= an increasing number of people
in shape/size
shape/size of
翻译先翻时状从和条状从 have a get-together 聚会 You need to wait for 1~2 days
_______ you can eat them. You need to wait for 1~2 days before you can eat
them.
这里只能写before不能是until，until翻译成：当你可以吃他们了，你需要再等1~2天
What’s the date ~?
-March 20th.
When ~?
-On March 20th.
where同理
as表示显而易见的原因，天色、天气较多，能感觉到的
dim
adj.暗淡的; 昏暗的; 微弱的; 不明亮的; 光线暗淡的; 不分明的; 不清楚的; 朦胧的;
隐约的
v.(使) 变暗淡，变微弱，变昏暗; (使) 减弱，变淡漠，失去光泽
dip蘸
at the debate slice
n.(切下的食物) 薄片，片; 部分; 份额; 锅铲; (餐桌用) 小铲
v.把…切成(薄)片; 切; 割; 划; 削(球); 斜切打
表示很薄的片
difficult修饰人 难以对待/难以相处/难以应付的 强迫某人做某事 force sb to do
ingredient
n.成分; (尤指烹饪) 原料; (成功的) 因素，要素
[c]
croak
v.发出(像青蛙的)低沉沙哑声; 呱呱地叫; 用低沉而沙哑的声音说话; 死; 咽气
n.(像青蛙发出的) 低沉沙哑的声音，呱呱的叫声
主语是人时表示发牢骚，多指消极的，complain是中性的
spit v.吐，唾(唾沫、食物等); 啐唾沫(常表示愤怒或鄙视); 怒斥
n.唾液; 唾沫; 啐唾沫; 吐痰; 吐食物; 岬; 沙嘴
spit-spat-spat
spit-spitting
spit sth out
adv.
rethink think again grow into ~ 成长为~；发展为~ grow into useful timber 成才
runny
adj.流鼻涕的; 流眼泪的; 太稀的; 水分过多的; 软的
runny <=> sticky
Don’t step on the grass. 不要踩踏草坪
stamp
n.邮票; 印; 章; 戳; 印记; 戳记
v.跺(脚); 重踩; 重踏; 迈着重重的步伐走; 在…上盖(字样或图案等);
把(字样或图案等)盖在…上
坐在椅子上
躺在沙发上
on the chair
in the sofa
“what 翻译成””所””的情况
Q & A
“ 引导宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句
rural
adj.乡村的; 农村的; 似农村的
figure out 想出；理解；弄清；查明；发觉
mistreatment
n.(尤指身体上的) 虐待
hope against hope 抱有一线希望 netizens 网民；网友 account n.账户; 账目; 赊销账;
赊欠账; 赊购
v.认为是; 视为
detailed adj.详细的; 细致的; 精细的
v.详细列举; 详细说明; 详述; 派遣; 选派; 分遣; 彻底清洗(汽车)
missing + 人 “表示””失散的””” do sth with a clear mind 头脑清醒
conservancy
committee
conservancy 管理机构，管理委员会
committee 委员会
silk banner 锦旗 spire
dome
spire
n.(教堂等顶部的) 尖塔，尖顶
vi.给…装尖塔塔状矗立; 螺旋形上升
dome
n.穹顶; 圆屋顶; 圆顶状物; 穹状建筑物; 圆顶体育场
vi.加圆屋顶于…上成圆顶状
spread to 蔓延到 be open to the public 向公众开放 artworks 插图；艺术作品 下决心
make a resolution to oneself
trigger
“
n.(枪的) 扳机; (尤指引发不良反应或发展的) 起因，诱因; 触发器; 引爆器
v.发动; 引起; 触发; 开动; 起动
“ self-evaluation 自我评价 face lift 整容 the apple in my eye 掌上明珠 require
require sth
require to do
require doing 表被动
do sth in memory of 为了纪念~干~ score 6 out of 10 满分10分得了6分 get over
get over = overcome
克服困难
have a ~ attitude towards ~
翻译
对 ~ 抱有/持有/怀有 ~ 的态度
动词用单数
neither of(两者都不)
each of
either of (两者其一)
accuse sb of … 控告 charge sb with …
控告 enter for 报名参加 wreath
wealth wreath 花圈，花环
wealth 财富，财产
忍受,容忍
put up with build up “建立
build up ≈ set up
但build up比set up多一个””建造房屋””的意思
“ 不可数名词选择代词一定用it open up 开办 go up go up to the sky
the number go up to 100
go up = rise
达到~的标准 meet the standard of ~ meet the standard of ~ 达到~的标准 soon
用将来时 separate from each other 各奔东西 take the advantage of ~ 利用~
created in China 中国创造 1磅 = 450g fit into “刚好放入；适合；符合” there’s no
point to discussing ~ there’s no point to discussing ~
= there’s no need to discuss ~
motivation n. 动机; 动力; 诱因；积极性
face → adj.
society → adj.
facial
social
the first impression 第一印象 tuck in 把…折入; 把…塞进; 把…掖好;
给（孩子）掖好被子; 给…盖好被子
尽情地吃; 大口地吃
stuff n.(事物名称不详、无关紧要或所指事物明显时用) 东西，物品，玩意儿; (泛指)
活儿，话，念头，东西; 基本特征; 特质; 根本; 基础; 原料
v.填满; 装满; 塞满; 灌满; 把…塞进(或填进); 在(蔬菜、鸡等)里填入(另外一种食物);
给…装馅
drink a toast 干杯 make a toast 敬酒，祝酒 be strange to sb normality 常态
simply = only = just slightly adv. 略微; 稍微; 身材瘦小的
take a business card 拿一张名片 every now and then 不时地
from time to time
pose
posture
gesture
pose是动词，摆姿势
posture是名词，姿势 注意名词词根
gesture是名词，手势
worthwhile
adj. 重要的; 令人愉快的; 有趣的; 值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)
crayon
canyon
crayon
n.彩色铅笔(或粉笔、蜡笔)
v.用彩色蜡笔[粉笔]画
canyon
n.(周围有悬崖峭壁的) 峡谷
stop分词 stopping
stopped
stopped spire
n.(教堂等顶部的) 尖塔，尖顶
vi.给…装尖塔塔状矗立; 螺旋形上升
wonder + 疑问句
want to know + 疑问句/名/代
neither of(两者都不)
动词可单可复
none 用于回答how many / how much
no one / nobody 用于回答 who
nothing 用于回答 what
do sth. by halves 半途而废
= give up half way yardstick yardstick 尺码，标准 exercise [u]&[c]
exercise泛指“锻炼”时,做不可数名词
take exercise 锻炼身体
take more exercise多锻炼
exercise表示“体操”或“练习（题）”时是可数名词,要用复数形式
do morning exercises（做早操）
do eye exercises(做眼保健操)
do English exercises(做英语练习)
What would you like to do ________ classes?
-To play with my friends.
A.among B.between C.for D.in
B要两两对应
eg.Mum is busy between chores.
have a proper party dress
= have a proper dress for the party
old
elderly
“elderly
adj.年纪较大的，上了年纪的(婉辞，与old同义); 老人; 上了年纪的人
old比elderly多一个””旧的””的意思
elderly指过了中年的
“ crossroads “n.十字路口
是单复同形，没有””crossroad””这个词
crossroads = crossing
“ move forward 向前移动 passerby n.过路人; 经过者
princess hug 公主抱
carry sb in one’s arms
carry sb in one’s arms 公主抱
princess hug
legging “打底裤
“ be careful with be careful with + 宾从
小心；注意处理
In the UK, parents are being encouraged to be careful with what they wear.
the school run 家长们开车接送孩子上下学的行程
导致拥挤的交通
set out on 出发去做某事
eg. set out on the school run
eg. set out on a new journey
start small 从小事做起 candleholder 烛台 this 时态
首先假设现在是中午
过去式 this morning
现在
①现在进行时
②现在完成时
将来时 this evening
综A 三个一般，两个现在，一个被动
三个一般：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时
两个现在：现在完成时，现在进行时(可能会变成过去进行时，注意when、while)
一个被动
hide sth from sb cover an area of + 面积 占地
eg.China covers an area of 9,600,000 km². more than just ~ 不仅仅是~
eg. She went on more than just a vacation.
get sb/sth out of my mind 不考虑~；不想~ be involved 被卷入；参与
be involved in sth
be involved in doing sth
be involved with sb
presence n.在场; 出席; 存在; 出现; (派遣的) 一个队; (尤指执行任务的) 部队
get organized 变得有条理/计划 accordingly adv. 相应地 provide a clam setting
提供一个冷静的环境 setting
environment
setting 可以指人文造成的环境
environment 人文 + 自然环境
make jokes on/about sb 以~开玩笑 guilty 反义词 gulity <=> ungulity keep in
touch with sb 与~保持联络 at break time at break time
= at break
make and receive calls
拨打和接听电话
try out for 参加
eg. Mai invited me to try out for the local football team, coached by Joe.
try out 实验；试验
do an experiment
a free kick 任意球 set off for~ set off for~
= start for~
= leave for~
离开去往~
permission n.准许; 许可; 批准; 许可证; 书面许可
ask for permission
without permission
permit “v.允许; 准许; 使有可能
n.许可证，特许证(尤指限期的)
“ do sth ahead of time 提前做某事 damage
break
destroy
damage，break 可修复
destroy 不可修复
What a cheek ! 真不要脸！ 阅读表达回答问题
上文提到过的人、物必须用代词代替
form n.类型; 种类; 形式; 外表; 样子; 表格
v.(使) 出现，产生; (使) 形成; (使) 成形，组成; 制作
form a habbit 养成习惯
make a contribution to doing 为~做出贡献 construction n.建筑; 建造; 施工;
建造(或构造)的方式; 建造物; 构筑物; 制成物
carry out carry out a plan 执行计划
carry out an attack 实施袭击
go through
经历，经受（尤指苦难或艰难时期）; 翻阅; 翻找; 整理; 通读; 彻查;
走（流程或固定程序）; 例行做; （法律、协议等） 被通过; （正式决定） 被批准
仔细查看
eg. As you go through these cute and short father daughter pictures, you will
feel deeply moved.
father daughter pictures 父女的照片 蜡烛不能两头点，精力不能过分耗 You can’t
burn the candle at both ends. 不能孤注一掷 You can’t put all your eggs in one
basket. break up with sb 与某人断绝关系
get in touch with sb 与某人取得联系
consist of~ 由~组成 cattle n.牛
firewood
n.木柴
household
“
n.一家人; 家庭; 同住一所房子的人
adj.家喻户晓的; 家庭的，家内的，一家的; 日常的，家常的，普通的; 王室的
“ pupils are divided into four groups of ten 学生们被分成四个十人小组 a great
deal of + 不可 大量的~
eg. The most able pupils do a great deal of the teaching.
promote v.促进; 推动; 促销; 推销; 提升; 晋升
move up a class 升班；升入更高的年级 left behind 落后 carpentry n.木工;
木工工艺; 木匠活; 木工制品; 木器; 木作
run a home 经营一个家；管家
有manage的意思
arithmetic n.算术; 算术运算; 四则运算
imitate v.模仿; 仿效; 模仿(某人的讲话、举止); 作滑稽模仿
scold sb for sth/doing 因~责骂某人 agriculture n.农业; 农学; 农艺
upload
download
上传
下载
a first class honor degree 一等荣誉学位 shortly after ~ 在~不久之后 on the app
on the website
Galileo 伽利略 a growing / an increasing need for~ 对~日益增长的需求
巨大的变化用take place The answer is~ rush hour rush hour
= heavy/busy traffic hour
be packed with 挤满; 装满; 充满
eg. I was on a bus that was packed with almost everyone in the city.
put up 提供；举手；搭帐篷 play truant 逃学 serious mistake 严重的错误 the idea
come to sb
= the idea come to one’s mind
= sb think up ~
= sb come up with ~
= sb have ~
the golden age of ~ ~的黄金期 feel sorry for sb/sth/oneself
feel sorry to do
为~感到遗憾/惋惜 一个关于~的专家 an expert on~ cannot 比can’t强调 cut short
the thinking process 减少思考过程 hamper
v.妨碍; 阻止; 阻碍
n.(尤指用于盛食物的) 带盖大篮子; (作为礼品的) 盒装食物，袋装食物;
盛脏衣服的大篮子
get in the way of stand still 一动不动 route 路线；方针；策略 honor sb for ~
为~而赞誉某人 opinions on
opinions about
opinions on 专门
opinions about 不专门
patient 比较级 more patient absent-minded 心不在焉的
n.absent-mindedness
of one’s own
on one’s own
of one’s own 某人自己的
on one’s own 独自
go off 1.(闹钟)响 = ring
2.离开
3.(电灯)熄灭
4.(机器)停止运行
5.(食物或饮料)变质
6.爆炸 In other words,~
In a word,~
In other words,~ 换言之~
In a word,~ 总之~
trainer
trainee
trainer 执行训练的人
trainee 受训者
employer
employee
employer 雇主
employee 受雇者
smooth sailing 一帆风顺
These parents take away all the difficulties and make it smooth sailing for
their kids.
struggle “v.奋斗; 努力; 争取; 艰难地行进; 吃力地进行; 斗争; 抗争
n.斗争; 奋斗; 努力; 搏斗; 扭打; (尤指) 抢夺，挣扎脱身; 难事
“ jump in 匆忙行动；不假思索地做；加入；参与
be comfortable with 对~人、事感到舒服/放心 What matters in learning?
在学习中什么是要紧的？
这里matter v.要紧；有重大关系
eg. It doesn’t matter.
rapid rapid 正式用语，快，急速的，表示一段时间中连续
quick 指短时间内
outbreak n.(暴力、疾病等坏事的) 爆发，突然发生
vi.爆发
v.词组 break out
get contact with sb get contact with sb
= contact with sb 与某人接触
get close contact with sb 与某人亲密接触
The novel coronavirus can be spread from person to person. 新冠病毒可以人传人。
returnee
returner
returnee n.回国的人; 归国者
returner n.重返工作岗位者; 再就业者
result from 由~造成/引发；起因于~ globe n. 地球仪; 地球，世界(尤用以强调其大);
球体; 球状物
v.（使） 成球状
armed forces 武装部队；军队 take up 1.拿起
2.开始从事
3.占用
pick up 1.捡起
2.开车接某人
3.偶然学到
leave sb doing 让某人一直作~ beg sb for sth 向某人乞讨~ leave sth for sb leave
sth for sb
= leave sb sth
把某物留给某人
leave sth to sb 指人死后留下的
as long as + 时间 “翻译成””长达~“”
eg. The amazing flowers can live for as long as three years.
“ be native to 原产于 hug & cuddle 都指拥抱
hug 各种身份的人
cuddle 身份亲密的人
cuddly adj.令人想拥抱的; 柔软而令人想搂抱的
make a great impression on sb
给某人留下深刻印象
make a great impression on sb
= give sb a good impression
= give a good impression to sb
have a good impression on sb
a less costly technology 成本较低的技术 infer from 推断 tighten up
拧紧，旋紧（螺钉、螺丝帽等）
使（规定、政策、制度）更加严格
使更加有效
加紧工作; 加强管理; 严格要求
把~系紧/系起来
trash 垃圾/垃圾桶
dust bin 垃圾桶
have words with 争吵 It goes without saying that ~ 不言而喻，~ pay close
attention to ~ 密切关注~ Time will fly in the twinkling of an eye.
时间转瞬即逝 sing high praise for ~ 高度赞扬~ faced with the disaster 面对困难
Most importantly，~ 最重要的是，~ stock n.(商店的) 现货，存货，库存; 储备物;
备用物; 供应物; 股本; 资本
v.存货; 贮备，贮存(食物、书籍等)
adj.老一套的; 陈腐的; (商店里) 常备的，通常有的
live-stock
n. 家畜, 牲口, 牲畜
at the moment at the moment
= at present
= now
现在，用现在进行时
at that time 用过去进行时 the want ads 招聘广告 imagine sb doing be dead tired
筋疲力尽，累得要命 hold a job 拥有一份工作 bear sth in mind 把~记在心里
用this/that/these/those 提问 提问物时回答用 it/they
提问人时还用 this/that/these/those
definite “adj.肯定的; 确定的; 不会改变的; 清楚的; 明显的; 肯定; 有把握
n.肯定的事(或人)
“ in sight in sight
= in view 在视野中
<=> out of sight
ache & pain ache 某个身体部位持续、隐隐的痛
pain 指身体上的痛时=ache，还可以指精神上的痛
Osaka 大阪 bargain n.减价品; 便宜货; 协议; 交易
v.(与某人就某事) 讨价还价，商讨条件
shopping district 购物区
district 行政区
downtown 市中心 comedian n.滑稽演员; 喜剧演员
tragedy
pl
tragedies be home to
be the home of
be home to 是~所在地/出产地/聚集地/家园
be the home of 是~故乡/发源地，侧重于多数人/物
consider doing
consider sb adj
eg. consider Mai clever covered with ~ 被~覆盖/笼罩，偏重于盖住、看不见 daily
pass 单日票 puppet n.木偶; 傀儡
amazingly 让人感到惊奇地 electronic & electrical electronic 电子的
electrical 电的
有 …的冲动 have/has an impulse to do adapt to 适应~ 毕竟；终归 after all
在…前面 ahead of 突然；猛地 all of a sudden 连同；除…以外还 along with
同时；一起 at the same time 在…顶部或顶端 at the top of 成为某人的朋友 be
friends with sb 对某人苛刻；对某人要求严格 be hard on sb 对…有害 ba harmful to
以…闻名；为人知晓 be known for 为…骄傲；感到自豪 be pround of
对…有责任；负责任 be responsible for 对某人心存感激 be thankful to sb
渴望，渴求 be thirsty for 信任；信赖 believe in 寄宿学校 boarding school
恢复；使想起；归还 bring back 偶然；意外地 by accident 错误地；无意中 by mistake
在（某时间点）以前 by the end of 在…以前 by the time 召来；叫来 call in
把…擦掉 clean…off 把…和…连接或联系起来 connect…with 化装舞会 costume
party 使某人发疯/发狂 drive sb crazy/mad 顺便访问；随便进入 drop by
最终成为；最后处于 end up 童话故事 fairy tale 首先 first of all 时常；有时 from
time to time 挡…的路；妨碍 get in the way of 大动肝火；气愤 get mad 习惯于 get
used to 捎…一程 give…a lift （时间）逝去；过去 go by 特地；格外努力 go out
of one’s way 连续几次地 in a row 与…成一排 in line with 亲身；亲自 in person
公开地 in public 既然那样；架势那样的话 in that case 总共；合计 in total
避免接近；远离 keep…away from 沉住气；保持冷静 keep one’s cool 开除某人 kick
sb off 摆开；布置 lay out 不包括；不提及；忽略 leave out 使失望 let…down
回首（往事）；回忆，回顾 look back at （在词典、参考书中或通过电脑）查阅；抬头看
look up 钦佩；仰慕 look up to 使（某人）感到宾至如归 make…feel at home
弄得一团糟（一塌糊涂） make a mess 做出努力 make an effort 既不…也不…
neither…nor… 无论；不论 no matter 偶尔地；间或 once in a while
抱歉；对不起；什么，请再说一遍 pardon me 停车场；停车区 parking lot 路过；经过
pass by 注意；关注 pay attention to 付费；付出代价 pay for 大量；充足 plenty of
首相；大臣 prime minister 拆下；摧毁 pull down 齐心协力；通力合作 pull together
增加（体重）；发胖 put on 好好利用某物 put sth to good use 而不是 rather than
追逐；追赶 run after 卖光 sell out 高中 senior high(school) 分离；隔开 separate
from 出发；启程 set out 感到；露面 show up 关闭；停止运转 shut off 坚持；固守
stick to 脱下（衣服）；（飞机等）起飞 take off 参加 take part in 发生；出现 take
place 为…感到自豪 take pride in 外卖食物 takeaway 回嘴；顶嘴 talk back 食物链
the food chain 越…越… the more..the more 奥林匹克运动会 the Olympics
扔掉；抛弃 throw away 起初；开始时 to start with 关掉 turn off 上下颠倒；倒转
upside down 毫无疑问；的确 without doubt （通常缩写为’d rather)宁愿 would rather
parcel n.
包裹;小包;一块地;一片地
v.
包;裹好;打包 voyage n.
航行;(尤指)航海，航天
v.
航行;远行;(尤指)远航 command n.
(给人或动物的)命令;指令;命令;控制;管辖;指挥
v.
命令;指挥，统率(陆军、海军等);应得;博得;值得 commend v.
(尤指公开地)赞扬，称赞，表扬;推荐;举荐;受到赞同;得到认可 generous
adj.慷慨的;大方的;慷慨给予的;丰富的;充足的;大的;宽厚的;宽宏大量的;仁慈的 at an
end 结束;终结 dust n.
沙土;尘土;(建筑物内、家具或地板等上的)灰尘，尘埃;粉尘;粉末
v.
擦去…的灰尘;擦灰;掸去;擦去;刷去;把(粉末)撒于;撒(粉) dusk n.
黄昏;傍晚
v.
变暗;使变暗 stubborn adj.
固执的;执拗的;顽固的;倔强的;难以去除(或对付)的 passbook n.
银行存折;房屋建筑协会借贷簿 leap v.
跳;跳跃;跳越;猛冲;突然做(某事);骤增;剧增;猛涨
n.
跳越;跳跃;跳高;骤变;剧增;激增 quote v.
引用;引述;举例说明;开价;出价;报价
n.
引用 league n.
(体育运动队的)联合会，联赛;(质量、能力等的)等级，级别，水平;联盟;同盟
v.
(使)结盟;(使)联合[团结];一鼻孔出气;组成联盟 insurance n.
保险;保险业;保险费;保费 forecast n.
预测;预报
v.
预测;预报 rapids n.
(河的)急流;湍急的河水 cab n.出租汽车;计程车;的士;(公共汽车、火车、卡车的)驾驶室
vi.乘出租车 fare n.
车费;船费;飞机票价;出租车乘客;饭菜
v.
成功(或不成功、更好等) fee n.
专业服务费;咨询费;报酬;(加入组织或做某事付的)费
vt.
付给报酬;给小费;〈英〉雇用;聘请 source n.
来源;出处;信息来源;原始资料;起源;根源;原因
v.
(从…)获得 resource n.
资源;财力;有助于实现目标的东西;资料;勇气;才智;谋略
v.
向…提供资金(或设备) burst v.
(使)爆裂，胀开;猛冲;突然出现;爆满;涨满
n.
突发;猝发;迸发;爆破;爆裂;裂口;一阵短促的射击 blanket n.毯子;毛毯;厚层;厚的覆盖层
adj.包括所有情形(或人员)的;总括的;综合的
v.以厚层覆盖
basket篮子 cruelty n.
(尤指蓄意的)残酷，残忍，残暴;残暴的行为;不公;虐待 track n.
(人踩出的)小道，小径;(人、动物或车辆留下的)足迹，踪迹;车辙;轨道
v.
跟踪;追踪;(尤指用特殊电子设备)跟踪;跟踪(进展情况) spellbind v.
迷惑[诱惑] concern v.影响，牵涉(某人);与…有关;涉及;让(某人)担忧
n.(尤指许多人共同的)担心，忧虑;关爱;关心;(对人、组织等)重要的事情 series n.
一系列;连续;接连;(广播或电视上题材或角色相同的)系列节目;(两队之间的)系列比赛
accent n.
口音;腔调;土音;着重点;强调;重音
v.
着重;强调;突出 souvenir n.
纪念物;纪念品;(度假时买回来送人的)礼物 survivor n.
幸存者;生还者;挺过困难者 outline v.
概述;略述;显示…的轮廓;勾勒…的外形
n.
概述;梗概;轮廓线;略图 headline n.
(报纸的)大字标题;(电视或无线电广播的)新闻摘要
v.
给(报道、文章)加标题;是(音乐会或演出的)主角 journal
n.(某学科或专业的)报纸，刊物，杂志;(用于报纸名)…报;日志;日记
journey 旅程
alcohol n.含酒精饮料;酒;酒精;乙醇 claim v.
宣称;声称;断言;要求(拥有);索取;认领;索要
n.
声明;宣称;断言;(尤指对财产、土地等要求拥有的)所有权;(尤指向公司、政府等)索款，索赔
gossip n.
流言蜚语;闲言碎语;说长道短;闲聊;喜欢传播流言蜚语的人;爱说长道短(或说三道四)的人
v.
传播流言蜚语;说三道四;说长道短 to do 否定&否定pro not to do
never to do
wages
salary
wages 周薪
salary 月薪
natural “adj.自然的; 天然的; 正常的; 意料之中的; 天生的; 本能的; 与生俱来的
n.有天赋的人; 擅长做某事的人
eg. Lang Lang showed a natural talent for the piano.
= Lang Lang was born with the talent for the piano.
“ ~方面的天赋 talent for
eg. Lang Lang showed a natural talent for the piano.
= Lang Lang was born with the talent for the piano.
The pencil is of great value.
= The pencil is valuable.
break new ground “开辟新天地
break 在这里是””创新；突破””的意思
“ delivery time 交货期 come along ①出现
②come along with sb
与某人一起来
regret doing
regret to do
regret doing 后悔
regret to do 遗憾
set off set off from London 离开伦敦
set off for London 出发去往伦敦
set off to do 出发去做某事
放烟火🎇
放鞭炮
set off fireworks
set off firecrackers
What else？
= What other things？
“阅读理解””~所指代的内容””” 是动作时必须用 ing形式 In addition In addition to a
watch，what else do you have?
In addition to singing and dancing，what can you do?
therefore 因此
So ~
= Therefore，~
Unfortunately, the flu virus changes every few years.
Therefore, there are so many types of flu.
= So there are so many types of flu.
entertain sb 使~感到高兴；取悦~ ask questions
question
ask questions 提出问题
question 质疑
“””w””词尾的词形变化都不用双写” throw - throwing - threw - thrown doubt 可数吗？
一般不可数
固定搭配
Without doubt，~
There is no doubt that ~
daycare n.日托，幼儿园
Russian soup 罗宋汤 have a good trip home 回家旅途愉快 a hundred percent of
cotton 100%的棉 be caught in be caught in rain 淋了雨
be caught in heavy/busy traffic
get into shape 塑形 refresh
v.使恢复精力; 使凉爽; 重新斟满; 提醒; 提示; 使想起
refresh oneself a set of 一套 sit-up 仰卧起坐
pl.sit-ups
weight “可以当作””哑铃””讲
a weight
weights
“ add weight exercise 增加力量练习 lower
adj.(尤指位于同类物品或成对物品中另一个的) 下面的，下方的; 在底部的; 近底部的;
朝海岸的; 低洼的; 向南的
v.把…放低; 使…降下; 减少; 缩小; 降低
v.变昏暗; 变恶劣; 变阴沉;
run in place 原地跑 在四月上旬
在四月下旬
in early April
in late April
lead a busy life lead a busy life
= have a busy life
过一个忙碌的生活
maintain v.维持; 保持; 维修; 保养; 坚持(意见); 固执己见
outline v.概述; 略述; 显示…的轮廓; 勾勒…的外形
n.概述; 梗概; 轮廓线; 略图;
Post-it notes 便利贴 in no hurry 不用着急 dice n.骰子; 色子; 掷骰游戏; 掷骰赌博
v.将(肉、菜等)切成小方块; 将…切成丁
freezer n.冷冻柜; 冰柜
a bunch of 一束
a bunch of flowers
one-dish meals 一餐饭 pop “当””放入””讲时
与put比较，指快速放入
“ in no time 立刻 freeze on 冻起来 Keep calm and carry on. 保持冷静，继续前行
shake off
shake up
shake off 甩掉
shake up 摇匀
8加h，9减e eighth
ninth
serious
比较级&最高级
more&most 妇女节 Women’s Day not a bit 一点也不 三餐
球类
乐器
冠词使用
三餐和球类名词 无冠词
乐器 前加the
undeveloped adj.未开垦的; 未利用的; 未开发的; 不发达的; 落后的; 发育不良的;
未充分发育的
semester n.学期(尤用于美国，一学年分两个学期)
lecture n.(通常指大学里的) 讲座，讲课，演讲; (冗长的) 教训，训斥，谴责
v.(尤指在大学里) 开讲座，讲授，讲课; (尤指恼人地) 指责，训斥，告诫
upon birth 出生时 up to ①长达，多达 eg.We’ll be able to live up to 200 years.
②一直到~ eg.up to now 用现完
several / many 与 hundred / hundreds of 搭配 several hundred students
many hundreds of students
intensive / extensive
intensive
adj.短时间内集中紧张进行的; 密集的; 彻底的; 十分细致的; 集约的
n.加强器; [语] 强义词; 强调成份
extensive
adj.广阔的; 广大的; 大量的; 广泛的; 广博的
intensive course 强化课程
extensive reading 泛读
wise
free
king
变名词
wise → wisdom
free → freedom
king → kingdom
~plex 后缀 “表示””复合””
eg.complex
“ 遵守诺言 “keep one’s word / promise
注意word和promise是单数的
“ pocket watch 怀表 thanks for your time thanks for your time
= thanks for your accompany
谢谢你的陪伴
accompany v.陪同; 陪伴; 伴随; 与…同时发生; (尤指用钢琴) 为…伴奏
a part of ~ ~的一部分 shy → adv. shyly 不去y No one knows why ~. No one knows
why + 宾从.
No one knows the reason (why) + 定从.
I don’t think Katie will read any one of the books , _______ looks very
boring.
I don’t think Katie will read all of the books , _______ looks very boring.
A.it B.one C.some D.they
答案 D C
第一个完全否定 ，第二个不完全否定
set the table 摆桌子 an envelope n.信封; 塑料封套; 塑料封皮
envelop
v.包住; 裹住; 盖住
hand sb sth hand sb sth
= hand sth to sb
递给某人~
date v.
①约会 date with sb
②追溯到 date back to~
n.日期；约会
date with sb date with sb
= have a date with sb
在约会中 on a date next ~ / the next~ next 用将来时
the next
①过去将来时 eg. She told me she would come the next day.
②过去时 eg.She came the next day.
then adv.用法 “①表示步骤
then = after that
eg. Then, put the chicken into the oven.
②表示””那时””，用过去进行时
then = at that time/moment
eg. What were you doing then?
“ at that time/moment 时态 过去进行时 sweat / sweater sweat
n.汗; 出汗; 流汗; 一身汗; 繁重的工作; 艰苦的劳动; 累活儿; 艰苦努力
v.出汗; 流汗; (物体表面) 渗出水分，结水珠; 艰苦努力; 辛苦地干
sweater
n.毛衣，线衣(英国英语指套头无扣的; 美国英语可指开襟有扣的)
feel / look / taste / sound / smell 用法 feel / look / taste / sound / smell +
adj
feel / look / taste / sound / smell + like + n.
时间状语从句时态 ①主将从现
②主过从过
melt away 消融 n.finding n.调查发现; 调研结果; 判决; 裁决
[c]
urge sb to do 敦促某人做某事 pay much attention to at the beginning of
in the beginning
at the beginning of
= at the start of
在~的开头
In the beginning，~
一开始
<=>in the end
break down traditional beliefs 打破传统的信仰 blindly adv.盲目地 fit 分词 fit -
fitted - fitted
fitting
好坏多少远老聪明了 good / well - better -best
bad / badly / ill - worse - worst
many / much - more -most
far - farther / further - farthest / furthest
old - older / elder - oldest / eldest
clever -cleverer -cleverest
first 序数词
adj
adv
firstly只能表示步骤
第一个做某事
do sth first
firstly只能表示步骤
Firstly，~
an adult
a grown-up
注意
可能会a或an后面挖空给中文提示成人 vendors n.小贩; 摊贩; (某种产品的) 销售公司;
(房屋等的) 卖主
rotate v.(使)旋转，转动;(工作)由…轮值;(人员)轮换，轮值 “” “” request
require
request v.&n.
require v.
requirement n.
come over to sp 顺便拜访 foremost adj.最重要的; 最著名的; 最前的
adv.首先; 居于首位地
音乐的 musical adj. pleased 人
adj. 事，物 pleasant run vt. 经营；运转 with the help of sb
= with sb’s help hide out 隐藏 pass out 晕过去
modesty
n.谦虚; 谦逊; 庄重; 朴素; 贤淑; 不突出; 有限
concentrate on
专心于，把思想集中于; 将…集中于…
viewpoint
n.观点; 看法; 角度 in other parts of China call
on的中文意思：访问，拜访，号召，请求
call for的中文意思：要求，需要，提倡，邀请，为…叫喊
call at的中文意思：拜访，访问，停靠（车站）